Agenda - Environmental Advisory Committee - 20211124Town of Aurora
Environmental Advisory Committee
Meeting Agenda
Date:November 24, 2021
Time:7:00 p.m.
Location:Video Conference
Pages
1.Procedural Notes
This meeting will be held electronically as per Section 19. i) of the Town's
Procedure By-law No. 6228-19, as amended, due to the COVID-19
situation, and will be live streamed on the Town's YouTube Channel.
2.Approval of the Agenda
3.Declarations of Pecuniary Interest and General Nature Thereof
4.Receipt of the Minutes
4.1.Environmental Advisory Committee Meeting Minutes of September 22,
2021
1
That the Environmenal Advisory Committee meeting minutes of
September 22, 2021, be received for information.
5.Delegations
Note: Anyone wishing to provide comment on an agenda item is encouraged to
visit www.aurora.ca/participation for guidelines on electronic delegation.
6.Matters for Consideration
6.1.Memorandum from Senior Policy Planner; Re: Green Development
Standards Consultation
5
That the memorandum regarding Green Development Standards
Consultation be received; and
1.
That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments
regarding Green Development Standards be received and
referred to staff for consideration and further action as
appropriate.
2.
6.2.Memorandum from Manager of Economic Development and Policy; Re:
Streetscape Needs Assessment
67
That the memorandum regarding Streetscape Needs
Assessment be received; and
1.
That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments
regarding Streetscape Needs Assessment be received and
referred to staff for consideration and further action as
appropriate.
2.
6.3.Memorandum from Manager, Parks and Fleet; Re: Lymantria Dispar
Dispar (LDD) Control Options
72
That the memorandum regarding Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD)
Control Options be received; and
1.
That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments
regarding LDD control options be received and referred to staff
for consideration and further action as appropriate.
2.
7.Informational Items
8.Adjournment
1
Town of Aurora
Environmental Advisory Committee
Meeting Minutes
Date:
Time:
Location:
Wednesday, September 22, 2021
7:00 p.m.
Video Conference
Committee Members: Councillor Wendy Gaertner (Vice Chair)
Margaret Baker
Barry Bridgeford
Colin Brown
Ashley Gatto Cassagrande
Ryan Hamid
Members Absent: Sam Cunningham
Sandy Hudson
Crystal Robertson
Councillor Rachel Gilliland (Chair)
Other Attendees: Natalie Kehle, Analyst, Energy and Climate Change
Sara Tienkamp, Manager, Parks and Fleet
Ishita Soneji, Council/Committee Coordinator
_____________________________________________________________________
1. Procedural Notes
This meeting was held electronically as per Section 19. i) of the Town's
Procedure By-law No. 6228-19, as amended, due to the COVID-19 situation.
The Vice Chair called the meeting to order at 7:02 p.m.
2. Approval of the Agenda
Moved by Barry Bridgeford
Seconded by Ryan Hamid
Page 1 of 87
2
The agenda as circulated by Legislative Services, be approved.
Carried
3. Declarations of Pecuniary Interest and General Nature Thereof
There were no declarations of pecuniary interest under the Municipal Conflict of
Interest Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. M.50.
4. Receipt of the Minutes
4.1 Environmental Advisory Committee Meeting Minutes of June 23, 2021
Moved by Margaret Baker
Seconded by Ryan Hamid
That the Environmental Advisory Committee meeting minutes of June 23,
2021, be received for information.
Carried
5. Delegations
None.
6. Matters for Consideration
6.1 Memorandum from Energy and Climate Change Analyst, Re: Corporate
Environmental Action Plan 2020 Progress Report
Natalie Kehle, Energy and Climate Change Analyst provided an overview of
on the background and purpose of the Corporate Environmental Action
Plan (CEAP) and highlighted the details of the 2020 progress report
including the various action items and challenges. Sara Tienkamp,
Manager, Parks and Fleet, provided further details on the action items
regarding parks, biodiversity, and natural heritage. Staff sought the
Committee's feedback and suggestions regarding the progress report and
the associated tracking sheet.
The Committee sought clarification regarding incorporating ecological
design in landscaping of parks, and staff advised that ecological park
designs is the target for all new park designs and retrofits.
Page 2 of 87
3
The Committee and staff discussed about means of mitigating invasive
species and access to information for residents and business owners
regarding environmental initiatives. Staff advised that informational
booths to increase awareness regarding invasive species will be held at
the Aurora Farmer's Market beginning in 2022 and other environmental
public engagement initiatives are being explored. The Committee provided
further suggestions such as: developing educational videos on means to
manage invasive species to be posted on the Town website and other
social media platforms, information pamphlets for business owners, and
installing signage to encourage people to be more environmentally aware.
The Committee and staff further discussed about the anti-idling initiatives,
the associated anti-idling policy, and its parameters and effectiveness.
Staff advised that the public education campaign is ongoing which
includes installation of mobile signs, providing resources and tips through
social media, and the involvement of the By-law Department to educate
residents and business owners where necessary.
The Committee referred to the various community campaigns and sought
clarification on tracking the response metrics and effectiveness of the
initiatives, and staff provided clarification. The Committee suggested that
successes of the initiatives, campaigns, and various action items should
be including in future progress reports and be made available for
members of public.
Staff advised that the Committee will be discussing the Green
Development Standard project at the next meeting.
Moved by Colin Brown
Seconded by Ryan Hamid
1. That the memorandum regarding Corporate Environmental Action Plan
2020 Progress Report be received; and
2. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding the
Corporate Environmental Action Plan 2020 Progress Report be
received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as
appropriate.
Carried
Page 3 of 87
4
7. Informational Items
None.
8. Adjournment
Moved by Barry Bridgeford
Seconded by Ashley Gatto Cassagrande
That the meeting be adjourned at 8:23 p.m.
Carried
Page 4 of 87
100 John West Way
Aurora, Ontario
L4G 6J1
(905) 727-3123
aurora.ca
Town of Aurora
Memorandum
Planning and Development Services
Re: Green Development Standards Consultation
To: Environmental Advisory Committee
From: Matthew Volpintesta, Senior Policy Planner
Date: November 24, 2021
Recommendation
1. That the memorandum regarding Green Development Standards Consultation be
received; and
2. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding Green
Development Standards be received and referred to staff for consideration and
further action as appropriate.
Executive Summary
The Town of Aurora is undertaking the development of a Green Development Standards
(GDS) program to promote environmentally conscious development and commit to a
greener and more sustainable future. GDS represent an important policy tool used by
municipalities to support Official Plan goals, sustainability and climate change
objectives, and several other co-beneficial directives. The following report presents an
update of the work completed to date, highlights the initial feedback from stakeholders,
sets out next steps and the expected final deliverables and outcomes of the GDS.
The GDS supports the Town of Aurora Official Plan policy goals of sustainability
and climate change objectives, informed by a comprehensive review and
extensive stakeholder consultation.
The GDS is based on five theme areas, with measurable targets and parameters
required to be achieved for each theme.
Page 5 of 87
Green Development Standards Consultation
November 24, 2021 Page 2 of 5
The GDS will be implemented in phases. Next steps include testing the green
development standards against active development applications, final
refinement, and staff training ahead of implementation.
Background
The GDS supports the Town of Aurora Official Plan goals of sustainability and climate
change objectives, informed by a comprehensive review and extensive stakeholder
consultation
The Town of Aurora (the Town) retained Prime Strategy & Planning to undertake a
comprehensive review of green development standards (GDS) and to develop green
development standards applicable to the Town of Aurora context.
The GDS will be a community-based approach that will apply across all forms of new
development and will also apply to municipal projects and buildings as the Town has
committed to lead by with sustainable design. The Town of Aurora GDS will support
Section 5.2 of the Official Plan on sustainable development. The GDS sets expectations
for high-performing buildings, community connectivity, and promotes access to low or
zero carbon transportation options. Having a comprehensive GDS that approaches
development at a community-wide scale encourages a compact built form that reduces
demands on infrastructure while creating healthy, complete, and sustainable
communities.
To provide technical expertise and guidance throughout the GDS development, the
Town established a project steering committee inclusive of representation from the
following departments: Planning and Development, Engineering, Operations, Parks, and
Building. External stakeholders include local Conservation Authorities, York Region,
applicable utility companies, and the development and building materials industry.
Additionally, staff recognize the importance of Advisory Committees to provide input
through the GDS development. The GDS project team are currently seeking input from
the Environmental Advisory Committee, Accessibility Advisory Committee, and Business
Improvement Association, and the Aurora Economic Development Corporation.
As part of the initial stage of the GDS development, a comprehensive review of GDS
standards was undertaken which will be documented in a Discussion Paper.
Page 6 of 87
Green Development Standards Consultation
November 24, 2021 Page 3 of 5
Analysis
The GDS is based on five theme areas, with measurable targets and parameters required
to be achieved for each theme.
The GDS is currently structured around 5 themes; Energy, Water, Ecology, Complete
Communities, and, Building Materials. Themes are informed by priority focus areas for
the Town to support a net-zero pathway. Typically, a GDS includes voluntary and/or
mandatory measures developed and implemented by municipalities to mandate a
baseline level of sustainable development.
To assess performance, each theme category or focus area has a list of Tiers, some of
which are mandatory criteria and easiest to achieve, and higher-level tiers which are
voluntary and may be tied to incentives (phase 2 of implementation). A proponent must
achieve mandatory tier one requirements and then has an option of fulfilling a minimum
number of additional requirements intended to be more intensified in overall objective.
The GDS uses a framework provided from Clean Air Partnership based on tiered
checklists. Net zero programs including Passive House, Canada Green Building Council
Net Zero and Ontario Home Builders Association Net Zero have been considered as
certification options in Phase 2 which could come in exchange for a monetary incentive
or expedited approval, still to be determined.
A descriptive breakdown of criteria and rationale for each theme, including potential
assessment metrics, reviewing parties and timing, are currently being reviewed with
stakeholders and tested by staff.
The GDS will be implemented in two phases. Next steps include testing the green
development standards against active development applications, followed by final
version refinement, and staff training ahead of implementation.
The initial stages of the project included presenting a comprehensive municipal best
practice review and delivery of a thorough discussion paper looking at scope of the GDS
and potential tools for analysis and achievement. Through continuous updating and
following consultation with the Town’s Executive Leadership Team, including presenting
the version 1 draft GDS to both the steering committee and stakeholder groups, specific
mandatory and non-mandatory criteria have been proposed in two phases. Included
with this criterion, are suggested timing for review, and associated staff responsibilities.
Page 7 of 87
Green Development Standards Consultation
November 24, 2021 Page 4 of 5
Phase 1 represents a set of mandatory requirements, which include optional
expectations providing some flexibility. Some of these requirements are already being
reviewed but fall under the umbrella or scope of the GDS and therefore will assist in the
ease of implementation The project team is currently assessing potential external
incentives to support implementation which would not have a direct fiscal impact to the
Town.
Phase 2 includes elevated performance which will include further improved building and
site expectations and certification for net zero through third party programs.
Incremental costing analysis will be required for Phase 2. It is expected that the Town
will define incentives through a possible expedited development approvals program, CIP
or other options as part of the planned cost-benefit analysis.
Project Timeline & Deliverables
Comprehensive best practice review and draft discussion paper (April – August
2021) Completed
Draft version 1 guidelines and stakeholder and committee consultation (July –
November 2021) In progress
Progress Update to Council (November 2, 2021) Completed
GDS test assessment using active development applications (November 2021)
In Progress
Final refined guidelines and implementation materials (1st quarter 2022)
Expected
Final Presentation of GDS to Council (1st quarter 2022) Expected
Staff are currently consolidating feedback from stakeholder consultations held through
September to November. Based on steering committee review and stakeholder
consultation, the GDS performance requirements will be refined and updated. The
present format of the GDS represents a performance-based path for net zero and
includes integration of the Town’s energy plan expectations as well as other operational
objectives.
Page 8 of 87
Green Development Standards Consultation
November 24, 2021 Page 5 of 5
Town staff and the consultant team are planning a test implementation of the program
on two active development sites, including one Town initiated project. Once
consultation with the advisory committees and test assessment is completed, the final
first iteration of the GDS will be prepared for presentation to Council.
Extensive staff training including a procedural handbook will be provided ahead of
implementation. Implementation of the GDS is proposed for the 1st quarter of 2022
pending Council endorsement. Staff training and roll-out would be expected throughout
the 1st quarter of 2022. Staff expect the GDS to be reviewed on an annual basis and
updated where required or when legislation permits.
A version of this report will be presented to the Accessibility Advisory Committee,
Environmental Advisory Committee, the BIA, and the Aurora Economic Development
Committee for consultation in the coming weeks prior to finalizing the GDS and
presenting it to Council for endorsement in 2022.
Attachments
Attachment 1 - Presentation Green Development Standards
Page 9 of 87
General Committee PresentationTown of Aurora Green Development & Design StandardsAttachment 1Page 10 of 87
Introduction Project TeamPage 11 of 87
1. What are GDS? 2. Why is the Town implementing GDS? 3. Project Timeline4. Summary of Consultation5. Draft GDS 6. Draft Implementation Expectations7. Staff Training Objectives 8. Next Steps AgendaPage 12 of 87
What are Green Development Standards? Page 13 of 87
•Voluntaryand/or mandatorymeasures created by municipalities to mandate sustainable development.•Comprehensive principles to guide development that focuses on the community as a whole. •Integrated into the planning approvals process, where development applications are asked to meet certain criteria. •Policy toolto support Official Plan policy goals, sustainability objectives, etc. What are GDS? A simple definition from the Clean Air Partnership (CAP)Page 14 of 87
Why is the Town implementing GDS? Page 15 of 87
Why implement GDS? Opportunity to meet growth and climate change objectives Action The Town must manage population and employment growth in a sustainable way.9The Town is committed to reducing emissions and increasing climate resiliency.9GDS can help to address several municipal policies and climate objectives. 9Green Development Standards are embedded in the Town’s Official Plan (Section 5.2). 9Several Ontario municipalities have implemented and/or are updating GDS. 9Page 16 of 87
GDS Co-Benefits Opportunity to achieve several co-benefits of community-wide development ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTSOCIALIncreased property values Reduced energy consumption Improved air qualityReduced infrastructure costsLonger lasting building stockJob creationReduced vehicle dependencyIncreased green space & biodiversityIncreased climate resiliencyActive lifestylesAccess to greenspaceAffordable & mixed-use housingPage 17 of 87
Project TimelinePage 18 of 87
Phase 1Background Review & Discussion Paper•Timeframe: April 2021 – August 2021•Tasks: Discussion Paper for review by Steering Committee; preliminary consultation with developers and municipal staff.Project TimelineSchedule for developing & implementing the GDSAPRMAYJUNAUGSEPTOCTNOV DEC JANPhase 3JULPhase 2Draft Guidelines & Stakeholder Consultation•Timeframe: July 2021 – November 2021 •Tasks: Draft GDS guidelines, consultation with development industry and municipal partners on GDS directions.Final Guidelines & Implementation Materials•Timeframe: September 2021 – December 2021•Tasks: Develop implementation materials; facilitate staff training sessions; present GDS to EAC.Begin Phase 1 ImplementationPage 19 of 87
Discussion PaperHigh level summary of content to support draft GDS Introduction•Description of the project. Background & Context•What GDS are and why GDS are being implemented•Policy context for GDS (federal, provincial, local). •Preliminary consultation. Best Practice Review •Scan of municipal GDS programs and lessons for the Town. •Best practice for areas of interest and supporting examples: •Heritage and regenerative design, bird-friendly design, LIDs, construction waste management, municipal leadership, embodied carbon, district energy.•Third-party certification and supporting examples (e.g., LEED, Passive House, ZCBS, WELL). Incentive Options•Municipal tools (e.g., CIPs, green bonds, etc.), York Region’s incentive programs, and external incentive programs (e.g., Enbridge’s Savings by Design). Implementation of the GDS•Compliance and reporting mechanisms. •Internal implementation process considerations. Recommendations •Compilation of directions for the GDS presented throughout the Discussion Paper. •“Quick Wins” identified. Next Steps 1234567Page 20 of 87
Summary of ConsultationPage 21 of 87
•Alignment with LSRCA – Ensure alignment between the GDS and LSRCA expectations for development. Reiterate LSRCA requirements where possible to reinforce expectations (e.g., post development groundwater recharge rates, design features to reduce salt use, etc.) •Alignment with York Region– Update mandatory requirements for ‘WATER’ to align with York Region’s findings relative to water conservation. •Impact on infrastructure– Consider the impact of expectations for electric vehicle infrastructure and charging stations on local infrastructure. Ensure infrastructure is prepared to accommodate. •Carbon sequestration– Consider opportunities for carbons sequestration in all themes and ensure description of requirements reinforce opportunities for carbon sequestration. This extends to native plantings. •Permeable surfaces for mid to high-rise – Consider allowing green roofs to function as an acceptable alternative to permeable surfaces for mid to high-rise buildings. Summary of Consultation Input received relative to draft GDS requirementsPage 22 of 87
Summary of Consultation Input received relative to implementation process•Incentives –Several questions about incentives to support implementation of Tiers 3 and 4 from the development industry and some municipal partners. Recommended incentives include DC rebates, fast track approvals, etc. •Access to embodied carbon building materials – Development industry partners stated that the Town can support use of certain building materials by supporting access to these materials and permitting their use. •Pilot implementation of GDS –Several stakeholders recommended applying the draft GDS to current development applications and/or projects to ‘test’ the applicability. •Options for Tier 2 –Ensure there are several options in Tier 2 applicable across all developments. Consider bringing some requirements from Tier 3 into Tier 2 to increase options. Page 23 of 87
Draft GDSPage 24 of 87
12345ENERGY WATERECOLOGY COMPLETE COMMUNITIES WASTE & MATERIALS Draft GDS ThemesPage 25 of 87
Draft GDS Phases & TiersTIER 1 MANDATORYTIER 2MANDATORYTIER 3 VOLUNTARYTIER 4VOLUNTARYPhase 1Implementation ~Dec. 2021Phase 2Implementation TBDPage 26 of 87
TIER 1 MANDATORYTIER 2MANDATORYPhase 1Implementation ~Dec. 2021Page 27 of 87
12345ENERGYWATERECOLOGY COMPLETE COMMUNITIES WASTE & MATERIALS 2345Page 28 of 87
THEME: ENERGY INTENT To achieve greater energy efficiency in all new buildings and to decrease GHG emissions in support of the Town’s objective to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. RATIONALE•Enhanced energy efficiency is becoming an industry standard. •Increasing expectations from all levels of government to meet GHG reduction targets. •Mandatory requirements for energy performance supports GHG emission reductions and long-term expectations for net-zero. PHASE 1TIER 1 MANDATORY Applicant must achieve all criteria TIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve specified number of criteriaPHASE 2TIER 3 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesTIER 4 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesPage 29 of 87
THEME: ENERGY TIER 1 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve all criteria APPLIES TOEnergy 1.1•Appropriate connections for electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure is provided accordingly: •For each dwelling unit with a residential parking space, a minimum one (1) vehicle space per unit is provided with an energized outlet capable of providing Level 2 EV charging or higher to the parking space.•Low-rise residential •Each residential parking space, excluding visitor parking, shall include an adjacent energized outlet capable of providing Level 2 charging or higher to the parking space, either dedicated to the parking space or using an Energy Management System. •Multi-unit apartments/ townhomes with shared, common onsite residential parking spaces •A minimum 20% parking spaces are provided with electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the remainder are of spaces are designed energized outlets capable of providing Level 2 EV charging or higher to the parking space. •All development (including school board) excluding residentialPage 30 of 87
THEME: ENERGY TIER 1 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve all criteria APPLIES TOEnergy 1.2•Ensure buildings are designed to accommodate connections to solar PV or solar thermal technologies. •All development Energy 1.3•Develop an energy model for the building project using a third-party building energy simulation software.•All development Energy 1.4•Conduct a feasibility study to explore option to connect to existing and/or develop on-site energy generation systems•Mid to high-rise residential, all non-residential, and municipal development in specific Town- areas (e.g., Major Transit Station Area)Page 31 of 87
THEME: ENERGY TIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 2 out of 6 criteriaAPPLIES TOEnergy 2.1•Appropriate EVSE is provided accordingly: •A minimum of one (1) vehicle space per unit is provided with the requirements identified in Tier 1 Energy 1.1 in addition to appropriate EVSE, such as an electric vehicle charging station. •Low-rise residential •Each residential parking space, excluding visitor parking, shall include an adjacent energized outlet capable of providing Level 2 charging or higher to the parking space, either dedicated to the parking space or using an Energy Management System. •Multi-unit apartments/ townhomes with shared, common onsite residential parking spaces •A minimum 50% parking spaces are provided with electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the remainder are of spaces are designed with energized outlets capable of providing Level 2 EV charging or higher to the parking space•All non-residential development (including school board) Energy 2.2•Buildings are designed and built to include solar technologies. •All development Page 32 of 87
THEME: ENERGY TIER 2 MANDATORY Applicant must achieve 2 out of 6 criteriaAPPLIES TOEnergy 2.3 •Provide the necessary infrastructure for connection to district energy, where available.•Note: If applicant can pursue Energy 2.3, requirements for Tier 2 are considered satisfied. •Mid to high-rise residential, all non-residential, and municipal development in specific Town- areas (e.g., Major Transit Station Area). Energy 2.4Energy use reduction for Part 3 and Part 9 buildings are met according to the following requirements: •Part 9 buildings – Buildings are designed to meet or exceed a minimum performance of at least 10% better than that of the Ontario Building Code’s 2017 Supplementary Standard SB-12. •Part 3 buildings – Demonstrate minimum energy performance of at least 15% better than that of the Ontario Building Code’s 2017 Supplementary Standard SB-10 Divisions 1 and 3. •All development Energy 2.5•Demonstrate a minimum reduction in carbon dioxide equivalency (e.g., 10%). •All development Page 33 of 87
12345ENERGY WATERECOLOGY COMPLETE COMMUNITIES WASTE & MATERIALS 1345Page 34 of 87
THEME: WATERINTENT To use water efficiently, protecting local water sources including water quality and health, and reducing flooding and drought. RATIONALE•Reducing potable water use and improving water efficiency can reduce energy and infrastructure required for treatment, distribution, and collection of water resources. •Water efficiency can offer savings to occupants. PHASE 1TIER 1 MANDATORY Applicant must achieve all criteria TIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve specified number of criteriaPHASE 2TIER 3 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesPage 35 of 87
THEME: WATERTIER 1 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve all criteria APPLIES TOWater 1.1•Demonstrate post-development peak flow rates are equal to or do not exceed pre-development peak flow rates for the two, one hundred year storm events and a minimum volume reduction of 5mm is achieved through LID features.•All development Water 1.2•Ensure post-development groundwater recharge rates meet pre-development rates, as defined through the LSRCA Source Protection Plan. •All development Water 1.3 •Remove at least 85% total suspended solid on an annual loading basis from run-off leaving the site. •All development Water 1.4•25% of new hard surfaces (e.g., parking areas and walkways, not including buildings) are constructed using permeable materials. For some applicants (e.g., those developing from lot line to lot line), this requirement may be met through Ecology 1.7. •All development Water 1.5•All water consuming fixtures are WaterSense® labeled or meet maximum flow requirements.•All development Page 36 of 87
THEME: WATERTIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 2 out of 5 criteriaAPPLIES TOWater 2.1•BMPs replicating natural site hydrology processes, retain (e.g., infiltrate, evapotranspirate, or collect and reuse) on-site the runoff from the developed site; reducing the local rainfall event runoff by an additional 10%, using low-impact development (LID) and green infrastructure (GI) practices.•All development Water 2.2 •Remove at least 90% total suspended solid on an annual loading basis from run-off leaving the site. •All development Water 2.3•50% of new hard surfaces (e.g., parking areas and walkways, not including buildings) are constructed using permeable materials. For some applicants (e.g., those developing from lot line to lot line), this requirement may be met through Ecology 1.7. •All development Water 2.4•Install rainwater harvesting and re-circulation/reuse systems for outdoor irrigation and outdoor water use, reducing potable water use for irrigation by 60%. •All development Water 2.5•Development incorporates design features to require less salt application without increasing liability. Design features are in accordance with the LSRCA’s Parking Lot Design Guidelines to Promote Salt Reduction. •All non-residential development Page 37 of 87
12345ENERGY WATERECOLOGY COMPLETE COMMUNITIES WASTE & MATERIALS 1245Page 38 of 87
THEME: ECOLOGYINTENT To improve natural heritage system function with respect to wildlife habitat and/or ecological functions, including ecosystem services and to incorporate carbon sequestration into community design. RATIONALE•Protecting and restoring ecological functions can benefit human and natural environment. •Natural environment can help to mitigate against and build resilience and adaptation to impacts of climate change. PHASE 1TIER 1 MANDATORY Applicant must achieve all criteria TIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve specified number of criteriaPHASE 2TIER 3 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesTIER 4 VOLUNTARYPotential incentivesPage 39 of 87
THEME: ECOLOGYTIER 1 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve all criteria APPLIES TOEcology 1.1•Bird-friendly design guidelines for low-rise residential, and mid to high-rise residential, all non-residential, and municipal buildings. •All development Ecology 1.2 •Use native, drought-tolerant plants for a minimum 50% of the landscaped area, including trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. •All development Ecology 1.3•Introduce no invasive species within the site or along street frontages. •All development Ecology 1.4•Protect or relocate healthy, mature trees that exist within the project boundary. Where trees are removed, new trees are provided to mitigate the lost canopy. •All development Ecology 1.5•All exterior light fixtures are Dark Sky compliant. •All development Ecology 1.6•Create tree planting areas within the site and in the adjacent public boulevard that meet the soil volume and the other requirements necessary to provide tree canopy. •All development Ecology 1.7 •Roof areas are provided with one or a combination of the following covering 30% of available roof space: Green Roof, Solar PV, or Cool Roof. •All development Page 40 of 87
THEME: ECOLOGYTIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 2 out of 5 criteriaAPPLIES TOEcology 2.1 •Use native, drought-tolerant plants a minimum 75% of the landscaped area, including trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. •All development Ecology 2.2•Where surface parking is provided, plant large growing shade trees that are spaced appropriately having regard to site conditions and have access to a of 30 m3soil per tree. •All development Ecology 2.3•All street trees are accompanied by the installation of enhanced street tree planting technology, such as permanent irrigation or watering systems that utilize non-potable water sources only, soil cells, etc. •All development Ecology 2.4•Develop an Operational Plan & Maintenance Manual that includes: description of maintenance procedures including techniques for reducing salt use in landscaped and naturalized areas, and tree monitoring plan designed to maximize the survival rates of planted trees. •All development Ecology 2.5•Calculate the embodied carbon and the carbon sequestration within landscape designs. •All development Page 41 of 87
12345ENERGY WATERECOLOGY COMPLETE COMMUNITIES WASTE & MATERIALS 1235Page 42 of 87
THEME: COMPLETE COMMUNITIESINTENT To encourage site connectivity with existing, planned, and future public spaces and active transportation networks and to harmonize the GDS with other elements of planning complete communities. RATIONALE•Opportunity to reduce GHG emissions from transportation by supporting community design that prioritizes low-carbon and/or activetransportation. •Improving health and wellness for residents by developing sites and neighbourhoods with compact, walkable form and integratedgreenspace. PHASE 1TIER 1 MANDATORY Applicant must achieve all criteria TIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve specified number of criteriaPHASE 2TIER 3 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesPage 43 of 87
THEME: COMPLETE COMMUNITIESTIER 1 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve all criteria APPLIES TOCC 1.1•Develop a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) plan. •All development CC 1.2 •Provide access to a variety of park and open space options that align with Aurora’s Official Plan, which comply with Public Works Operations and maintenance requirements. •All development CC 1.3•Accessibility measures and design features are provided in accordance with the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA). •All development CC 1.4•Complete a cultural heritage impact assessment that describes cultural heritage resources and potential impacts of development. Recommend strategies to mitigate negative impacts, where the alteration, development, or redevelopment of property is proposed on, or adjacent to the cultural heritage resources.•All development Page 44 of 87
THEME: COMPLETE COMMUNITIESTIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 3 out of 9 criteriaAPPLIES TOCC 2.1•Provide missing walkway connections between the site and existing public walkways. All new and existing streets are designed with continuous sidewalks or equivalent provisions in accordance with Aurora’s Engineering Standards and Design Criteria. •All development CC 2.2 •Provide carpool or shared-use vehicle parking spaces.•All development CC 2.3•Provide bicycle parking spaces in accordance with provisions in the Zoning By-law. •All development CC 2.4•Provide adequate space for residents to perform repairs and maintenance of bicycles. •All development CC 2.5•Provide public and/or private amenity spaces, where appropriate for multi-residential development and non-residential development, particularly development within Intensification Areas. Ensure amenity spaces include covered outdoor waiting areas for pedestrian comfort and protection from inclement weather.•All mid to high-rise residential, all non-residential, and municipal development in specific Town- areas (e.g., Major Transit Station Area). Page 45 of 87
THEME: COMPLETE COMMUNITIESTIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 3 out of 9 criteriaAPPLIES TOCC 2.6•At least 70% of dwelling units and non-residential entrances are within 350 metres walking distance to the nearest transit stop, where feasible. •All development CC 2.7 •Monthly public transit passes are provided to residents and businesses at no cost for a minimum of one (1) year including: •One (1) pass per household or residential unit; and•Passes for 10% of employees per business or non-residential units. •All development CC 2.8•Permanent and accessible urban agriculture space of at least 1m2 per dwelling unit is allocated within an 800 m walking distance of all dwelling units through one or more of the following: Community garden, Edible landscaping, with labeled plants and signage containing harvesting guidelines, Small farm or orchard, Private garden, rooftop garden •All development CC 2.9•A secondary dwelling unit is provided in accordance with Aurora’s Zoning By-law no. 6000-17. •Low-rise residential Page 46 of 87
12345ENERGY WATERECOLOGY COMPLETE COMMUNITIES WASTE & MATERIALS 1234Page 47 of 87
THEME: WASTE & MATERIALSINTENT To encourage waste diversion from landfill through reuse strategies, local purchasing, source reduction, and the tracking and documentation of these activities. RATIONALE•Responsible management of waste is an essential aspect of sustainable building. •Embodied carbon is a significant contributor of carbon emissions (emissions from pre-operation activity). PHASE 1TIER 1 MANDATORY Applicant must achieve all criteria TIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve specified number of criteriaPHASE 2TIER 3 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesTIER 4 VOLUNTARY Potential incentivesPage 48 of 87
THEME: WASTE & MATERIALSTIER 1 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve all criteria APPLIES TOWaste & Materials 1.1•Develop and apply a waste stream management narrative and plan focusing on waste diversion. Provide documentation that affirms that management of Construction and Demolition Waste is in compliance with Provincial Regulation O. Reg. 103/94: Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Source Separation Programs.•All development Waste & Materials 1.2 •Provide separated space in all kitchen suites for segregated collection of garbage, recycling and organic waste. •All development Page 49 of 87
THEME: WASTE & MATERIALSTIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 2out of 7 criteria APPLIES TOWaste & Materials 2.1•A minimum 25% of recycled/reclaimed materials are used for buildings and/or infrastructure including roadways, parking lots, sidewalks, unit paving, etc. •All development Waste & Materials 2.2•Divert at least 75% of total construction and demolition material. Diverted material must include at least four material streams. •All development Waste & Materials 2.3•Building is designed and built incorporating Portland-limestone cement and/or tall wood.•All development Waste & Materials 2.4•Provide a dedicated collection area or room for household hazardous waste and/or electronic waste.•Mid to high-rise residential and all non-residential development. Waste & Materials 2.5•Conduct a materials emissions assessment of the upfront embodied carbon of structural and envelope components. •All development Page 50 of 87
THEME: WASTE & MATERIALSTIER 2 MANDATORYApplicant must achieve 2out of 7 criteria APPLIES TOWaste & Materials 2.6•Provide dedicated areas accessible to waste haulers and building occupants for the collection and storage of recyclable and compostable materials for the entire building. Collection and storage areas may be separate locations.•Mid to high-rise residential and all non-residential development. Waste & Materials 2.7•Include at least 5 of the 7 requirements listed below in the project product specifications: •Concrete Mix: minimum 25% supplementary Cementous material•Rebar/ Structural Steel/ Metal Decks: Minimum 50% recycled content•Flooring: meet FloorScore or USGBC equivalent program •Paints/ Coatings/ Adhesives/ Sealents: Meet SCAQMD rule 1113 and 1168 Low VOC content thresholds•Plywood: no added formaldehd (NAF) or ultra-low-emiting formaldehyde (ULEF)•Red List Materials: Do not use any materials from the International Living Future Institute’s Red List •All development Page 51 of 87
TIER 3 VOLUNTARYTIER 4VOLUNTARYPhase 2Implementation TBDPage 52 of 87
THEME: ENERGY TIER 3 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOEnergy 3.1 •Design and construct the building to include high performance components addressing air tightness, glazing, HRV and heat pumps.•All development TIER 4 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOEnergy 4.1•Design, construct, and certify the building in accordance with net zero standard (third-party compliance).•All development Energy 4.2 •District energy or other communal energy system or combined heat and power system is constructed for heating and/or cooling. •All development Page 53 of 87
THEME: WATERTIER 3 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOWater 3.1 •BMPs replicating natural site hydrology processes, retain (e.g., infiltrate, evapotranspirate, or collect and reuse) on-site the runoff from the developed site; reducing the local rainfall event runoff by an additional 15%, using low-impact development (LID) and green infrastructure (GI) practices.•All development Water 3.2•Install rainwater harvesting and re-circulation/reuse systems for outdoor irrigation and outdoor water use, reducing potable water use for irrigation by at least 80%. •All development Water 3.3•At least 75% of new hard surfaces (e.g., parking areas and walkways, not including buildings) are constructed using permeable materials. •All development Page 54 of 87
THEME: ECOLOGYTIER 3 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOEcology 3.1 •Provide a minimum 50% available roof space as biodiverse green/vegetated roof. •All development Ecology 3.2•Plant the landscaped area using a minimum 100% native or biodiverse plantings. •All development Ecology 3.3•Larger growing shade trees, relative to the requirements for large growing shade trees in Tier 2, are planted along street frontages. •All development TIER 4 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOEcology 4.1•Enroll the project in the Climate Positive Design Challenge and use the Pathfinder tool to calculate the years to carbon positive design. Incorporate low-carbon sustainable material alternatives to the proposed landscape design. •All development Page 55 of 87
THEME: COMPLETE COMMUNITIES TIER 3 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOCC 3.1 •Implementation and installation of all TDM requirements. •All development CC 3.2•Include as part of the private development a community hub where people come together to receive services or meet one another, for a range of health and social services, cultural, recreational, and/or community needs.•Mid to high-rise residential, all non-residential developmentCC 3.3•Provide a refuge area with heating, cooling, lighting, potable water, and power available and 72 hours of back-up power to the refuge area and essential building systems.•Mid to high-rise residential, all non-residential developmentPage 56 of 87
THEME: WASTE & MATERIALS TIER 3 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOWaste & Materials 3.1 •A minimum 50% of recycled/reclaimed materials are used for buildings and/or infrastructure including roadways, parking lots, sidewalks, unit paving, etc. •All development Waste & Materials 3.2•Divert at least 95% of the total construction and demolition material. Diverted material must include at least four material streams. •All development Waste & Materials 3.3•Use Portland-limestone cement and/or tall wood and maximize the amount of recycled content in concrete and steel. Calculate and report the embodied carbon in the building structure and envelope. •All development Page 57 of 87
THEME: WASTE & MATERIALS TIER 4 VOLUNTARY APPLIES TOWaste & Materials 4.1•In addition to Tier 3 requirements for Portland-limestone cement and tall wood, include some level of bio-based materials in building structure. •All development Waste & Materials 4.2•Include all 7 requirements listed below in the project product specifications: •Concrete Mix: minimum 25% supplementary Cementous material•Rebar/ Structural Steel/ Metal Decks: Minimum 50% recycled content•Flooring: meet FloorScore or USGBC equivalent program •Paints/ Coatings/ Adhesives/ Sealents: Meet SCAQMD rule 1113 and 1168 Low VOC content thresholds•Plywood: no added formaldehd (NAF) or ultra-low-emiting formaldehyde (ULEF)•Red List Materials: Do not use any materials from the International Living Future Institute’s Red List •All development Page 58 of 87
Draft Implementation ExpectationsPage 59 of 87
Continuous monitoring, review, and updating of the GDS Draft Implementation•Phase 1 will be implemented ~ January 2022 onward (Council approved). •The Town will further study incentives to support implementation of Phase 2.•The Town will track, monitor, and review the GDS. We will provide recommended action items for continuous monitoring in our final report, including: •GDS metrics achieved in reports to Council for individual applicable development proposal.•Refining the GDS as needed to address legislative and provincial policy changes, local building expectations, etc.•Developing additional educational and/or training resources. •Providing additional guidance, support, and training to City staff and external stakeholders.Page 60 of 87
Supporting resources for applicants and staffDraft Implementation•We have begun preparation of a summary GDS handbook to support staff and applicants with implementation. •This handbook includes:•Background information to support the GDS. •GDS implementation tables identifying GDS requirement and application, how to demonstrate compliance, and review by the Town. •Review matrix identifying when each GDS requirement will be reviewed by Town staff. •Monitoring, review, and update recommendations for the GDS. Page 61 of 87
Staff Training Objectives Page 62 of 87
Staff training to facilitate implementation Staff Training Objectives •The purpose of staff training is to: •Explain to staff how to use, interpret and implement the GDS.•Advise of resources and technical staff training required to implement GDS. •Staff training sessions will be facilitated in November/ December 2021. Sessions may be organized based on department. Page 63 of 87
Next StepsPage 64 of 87
Where we’re headedIn Progress & Next Steps•October 2021•Practice Training Exercise with staff to test application of the GDS against development applications submitted to the Town. •Advance GDS handbook. •Prepare materials for Staff Training session(s). •Submit materials for Council report(s). •November – December 2021 •Present to General Committee, Accessibility Advisory Committee, and Environmental Advisory Committee. •Facilitate two (2) Staff Training sessions to support implementation of GDS Phase 1. •Present to Council. •January 2022 onwards •Implement GDS Phase 1 and continued investigation by the Town to support implementation of Phase 2. Page 65 of 87
ContactLisa Prime Principal & FounderPRIME Strategy & Planning lisa@primestrategyplanning.comNadia DowhaniukHead of Research PRIME Strategy & Planning research@primestrategyplanning.com Matthew VolpintestaSenior Policy Planner, Land Use & Real EstateTown of Aurora MVolpintesta@aurora.caPage 66 of 87
100 John West Way
Aurora, Ontario
L4G 6J1
(905) 727-3123
aurora.ca
Town of Aurora
Memorandum
Planning & Development Services
Re: Streetscape Needs Assessment
To: Environmental Advisory Committee
From: Lisa Hausz, Manager of Economic Development & Policy
Date: November 24, 2021
Recommendation
1. That the memorandum regarding Streetscape Needs Assessment be received; and
2. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding Streetscape Needs
Assessment be received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as
appropriate.
Purpose
As outlined in the Aurora Promenade Streetscape Plan, several action items were
identified to improve the public realm of the Promenade. The majority of the proposed
streetscape improvements will be implemented on Yonge Street and Wellington Street.
These activities also align with the initiatives planned by the Aurora Downtown BIA. The
purpose of the Streetscape Needs Assessment is to validate the original proposed
improvements while taking into consideration new policies, technologies and needs. It
is intended that staff will solicit ideas and input from the various advisory committees
as well as the public.
Background
The Aurora Promenade Streetscape Design & Implementation Plan was presented to
Council at the Public Planning Meeting held in January 2013, where Council resolved
the following:
THAT report PL13-003 regarding the Aurora Promenade Streetscape
Design and Implementation Plan be received; and,
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Streetscape Needs Assessment
November 24, 2021 Page 2 of 4
THAT staff report back with a multi-year capital project for some of the
priority projects that staff will further refine and bring forward to Council
for further discussion.
Following the January 2013 Public Planning meeting, staff evaluated implementation
options and phasing with an emphasis on maximizing the potential impact of
improvements and minimizing costs and disruptions. Based on this evaluation, the
several recommendations (as articulated in the Plan) were identified for
implementation. Some of the recommendations were implemented, or altered to
accommodate current conditions, while other recommendations were never
implemented and require further investigation as to their feasibility. Examples of the
2013 public realm improvements included:
Updating all concrete sidewalks with decorative concrete paving that extend
from the curb zone to building face.
Implementing hanging baskets on light poles.
Installing street furniture throughout the pedestrian street zone that is both
respectful of the heritage character and the new town square.
Developing historic downtown promotional banners for area, events and
seasons.
Plant street trees with 6 metre spacing (maximum) where there is adequate
setback for the pedestrian zone to borrow sidewalk width from the frontage
zone. Trees should be planted in appropriate tree pits, with optimum soil
conditions, protective grates, and tree guards.
Relocating traffic signs from rebar poles onto street poles where possible.
Landscaping mid-block connections similar to the existing mid-block
connection at the town square.
In February 2014, staff presented a report recommending that the Town focus the
planned improvements within the “Main Streets” area. This approach ensured that a
critical mass of improvements could be completed within a relatively short timeframe in
a focused geographic area. In October 2019, Council partially lifted a conditional hold
on a previously approved capital project to fund some of the removable public realm
streetscape elements of the 2013 plan including container landscaping, new street
furniture and promotional banners that can be relocated in the event that construction
occurs.
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Streetscape Needs Assessment
November 24, 2021 Page 3 of 4
The completion of a Streetscape Needs Assessment study will detail the design
requirements for street lighting and other improvements.
Several factors informed the need to evaluate and recommend the increasing the scope
of the Streetscape Design and Implementation Plan including:
condition of infrastructure to accommodate future signage and lighting needs;
current developments underway in the area; connectivity and broadband
availability;
parking requirements;
accessibility needs;
and the involvement of the local businesses and residents in the area.
Therefore, a Streetscape Needs Assessment is being completed that will inform an
updated robust design and construction plan that will include the following
considerations:
• Street light pole replacements along Yonge Street
• Entry feature/signage/lighting/public art infrastructure requirements
• Sidewalk improvements
• Crosswalk improvements/enhancements
• Accessibility elements along Yonge Street
• Parking improvements in the Downtown BIA catchment area
• Broadband/high speed internet and cell service in the area
The Town has engaged The Planning Partnership (TPP) to facilitate the Streetscape
Needs Assessment project and to engage stakeholders.
Due to tight timelines to inform engineering requirements in 2022, staff retained The
Planning Partnership (TPP) team to facilitate the project and engage various
stakeholder groups. TPP was the originator of the Aurora Promenade Plan, have worked
on several projects within the Promenade and are engaged as part of the Aurora Town
Square project.
The Project Team consists of:
Lisa Hausz, Manager, Economic Development & Policy, Town of Aurora
Anca Mihail, Manager, Engineering, Town of Aurora
Sara Tienkamp, Manager, Parks, Town of Aurora
Janine Cik, Policy Student, Town of Aurora
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Streetscape Needs Assessment
November 24, 2021 Page 4 of 4
Wai Ying Di Giorgio, The Planning Partnership, was involved in the preparation of
the Stable Neighbourhoods Urban Design Guidelines and will manage the
development of the Streetscape Needs Assessment report;
Donna Hinde, The Planning Partnership, was responsible for managing and
leading the public consultation for both The Promenade Plan and the Library
Square and will be in charge of developing and leading the consultation for this
exercise;
David Leinster, was responsible for the development of the Promenade Design
Guidelines and is currently leading the public realm design for Library Square.
Attachments
Attachment 1 – Subject Area Map
Reference Documents
Promenade Concept Plan, Urban Design Strategy; 3.1 Public Realm (2010)
Promenade Pamphlet (concept highlights) (2013)
Promenade Streetscape Design and Implementation Plan (2013)
Page 70 of 87
Tyler Street WaltonDriveEdwardStreetSpruceStreetFleury StreetBirch
CourtChurch Street
Mosley Street
GurnettStreetIrwin Avenue
Metcalfe Street
Catherine Avenu
e
Wells StreetBerczy StreetLarmont StreetVictoria StreetConnaught Avenue
Centre Street
Harrison Ave nueTemperance StreetWELLINGTON STREET EAST
YONGE STREETAXURUD %,$DQG6WUHHWVFDSH6XEMHFW$UHD
Map created by the Town of Aurora Planning & Development Services Department, September 12, 2018. Base data provided by York Region and Aurora - GIS.
¯0 50 100 150 200
Metres
Aurora Business Improvement Area
6WUHHWVFDSH6XEMHFW$UHD6WUHHWVFDSH1HHGV$VVHVVPHQW6XEMHFW$UHD6WUHHWVFDSH6XEMHFW$UHD6WUHHWVFDSH1HHGV$VVHVVPHQW6XEMHFW$UHDHHWVFDSMMAttachment 1
Page 71 of 87
100 John West Way
Aurora, Ontario
L4G 6J1
(905) 727-3123
aurora.ca
Town of Aurora
Memorandum
Operational Services Department
Re: Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
To: Environmental Advisory Committee
From: Sara Tienkamp, Manager, Parks & Fleet
Date: November 24, 2021
Recommendation
1. That the memorandum regarding Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) control options be
received; and
2. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding LDD control
options be received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as
appropriate.
Background
LDD is a non-native insect from Europe introduced to North America in the 1860’s.
Since its introduction, this leaf defoliating insect has spread across the Great Lakes
Basin and evolved to a state of naturalization that Canadian Food Inspection Agency
(CFIA) does not attempt to control or eradicate the species. They were first detected in
Ontario in 1969 and can now be found as far north as Sudbury/Algoma Districts and
east to the Quebec border. The insect prefers Oaks as their primary host and can be
found both in rural and urban forests; however, LDD, also feeds on Aspen, Birch, Maple
Poplar, Willow and even conifers, like Spruce and Pine.
LDD population can be best described as boom or bust, often occurring every 8-12
years. During these cycles, certain areas can reach epidemic proportions for a few years
only to collapse and remain at endemic levels for another eight (8) years or more.
Healthy trees can typically withstand repeated years of defoliation (generally up to four
(4) years). Each LDD caterpillar can eat up to one (1) square metre of leaf area resulting
in mass defoliation during outbreaks. Severe infestations have occurred in Ontario in
1991, 2002 and 2008, Aurora first saw epidemic populations in the early 1990’s.
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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When an outbreak occurs, extremely large numbers of caterpillars can be found feeding
on tree leaves and hanging from silk threads. The population is influenced by several
factors, e.g., precipitation, temperature, parasites, and pathogens, making it difficult to
predict future populations. One significant impact to LDD population is the naturally
occurring nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), which is found in populations of LDD
moths, spreads extremely quickly and causes mass mortality with population collapse.
Lifecycle of LDD Moth.
The LDD moth has four (4) distinct developmental stages in its lifecycle like other
butterflies and moth species. Several management options for LDD described in this
report are only effective and timed during specific life cycle stages.
Egg (Late August to early May):
Dormant stage (easiest to manage).
Egg masses range in size from 2-8 cm long and can contain between 100-1,000
eggs.
Egg masses are usually oval shaped and beige/light brown in colour.
Often found on tree trunks and the underside of larger branches.
Caterpillar (Early May to mid-July):
Tree damaging stage.
Newly hatched caterpillars are about half a centimetre long and dark in colour. As
they grow, they change colour becoming dark coloured and hairy with a double
row of five (5) pairs of blue spots followed by a double row of six (6) pairs of red
spots, down the back.
Caterpillars can be found feeding on the leaves of trees since this is their main
food source.
Cocoon (Mid July to early August):
Stage lasts for ten (10) to fourteen (14) days.
Once the adult moth emerges, it leaves the empty cocoon behind which can be
seen on infested trees.
Moth (Late July to late August):
Stage lasts ten (10) days.
An adult LDD moth’s only function is to reproduce and not eat anything, unlike
other moth and butterfly species.
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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Female is larger, white and cannot fly.
Male is smaller, brown and is attracted to pheromones produced by female
moths.
Council approves motion to explore control options including a targeted spray program.
Aurora experienced a high incidence of LDD in 2020 in a few areas in Town and in 2021
the population exploded causing extensive defoliation of trees on residential and public
lands.
At the September 28, 2021, Council meeting the following motion was passed, directing
staff to report back on control options for the insect:
Whereas areas of the Town of Aurora are experiencing an infestation of the
caterpillar stage of the of Lymantria dispar dispar, commonly known as LDD
moths; and
Whereas, according to the LSRCA, the LDD moth is “an invasive insect (that) goes
through cycles in which the population increases for several years and then
declines”. This year is predicted to be an outbreak year, based on observations,
and monitoring in 2020 and through the winter of 2021; and
Whereas the LDD moth population tends to peak every ten (10) years, and each
outbreak can last a few years; and
Whereas we are currently in year two of a boom; and Whereas the LDD moth can
have serious, negative impacts on the forest canopy, defoliating a significant
volume of trees during an infestation; and
Whereas healthy trees can generally survive, back-to-back years of LDD moth
feeding can weaken a tree, making it susceptible to disease and damage from
other insects and even death for some trees; and
Whereas the Town has provided information for residents on how to protect the
trees on their property and was the first municipality in York Region to provide
burlap wraps to homeowners;
1. Now Therefore Be It Hereby Resolved That staff review and report back on
all options to control the LDD moth infestation and manage future years of
this cycle, including burlap banding, removal of eggs, pheromone traps in
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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areas with moderate to severe infestation, and consider targeted spraying
of BTK (Bacterium Spray Treatment) within the appropriate timeframe in
all severely infested areas of public lands and Town trees within the
Town’s right of way on severely infested streets; and
2. Be It Further Resolved That the Town of Aurora adopt the same practice
as neighbouring municipalities, taking a “good neighbour” approach and
spraying buffer strips on the borders of publicly owned Town of Aurora
lands and private lands where there is known to be a severe infestation of
LDD moths.
Analysis
Aurora’s LDD strategy for 2021 included providing burlap banding kits to residents.
In 2020, staff and residents observed heavy infestations in localized areas of Town,
primarily west of Yonge. Other municipalities were witnessing activity as well and as a
result York Region undertook egg mass counts in late fall of 2020 in all nine (9)
municipalities. Data provided by York Region’s consultant indicated the potential for
larger widespread outbreaks of LDD throughout Region, including Aurora.
As a result, the York Region Forestry Working Group met to discuss an action plan for
2021 which included a unified communication plan to ensure consistent information
was being provided throughout the Region to the public. For the most part all municipal
strategies focused on strong communication plans with a few select groups choosing
to treat prominent specimen Oaks within their landscapes and others with larger staff
resources planned for egg mass removal on Oak prominent streets.
In May, caterpillars began to emerge and grow, tree defoliation became overwhelmingly
evident and public concerns mounted. Municipalities then started to pivot and adapt to
the situation with their strategies by including additional resources and controls. The
measures undertaken by staff for LDD included:
Participation on Regional Urban Forestry Group – inter-municipal working group
that includes all nine (9) regional municipalities, representatives from Toronto
and Lake Simcoe Regional Conservation Authorities and City of Toronto. Group
shares Information, previous experiences, best practices, and measures.
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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Communications Strategy – aiming to educate the public and provide ongoing
updates, utilizing various media means including social media, mobile signage,
website.
TreeAzin® injections – Treatment of large mature specimen Oaks e.g., Cultural
Centre, Arboretum.
Burlap Giveaway – staff provided residents with approximately 2,500+ burlap
bands and utilized the opportunity to answer questions and provide tree advice in
person (first municipality to do so in the Region). This initiative was extremely
well received, and staff received excellent feedback.
Sweeping of sidewalks/roads – during height of caterpillar stage staff completed
sweeping of streets and sidewalks where there was a high incidence of
caterpillar frass (Attachment #1).
Watering program – staff watered the most vulnerable trees to ensure they
remained healthy and recovered quickly, especially during hot dry weather.
Residents encouraged to do same on their properties through our
communication efforts.
Monitoring of population and locations.
Monitoring for NPV and manual spread of NPV infected caterpillars collected
from Newmarket into Case/Sheppard’s Bush Woodlots.
Impact of LDD on urban forest and parkland compounded by additional stressors but can
be mitigated as seen in 2021.
Trees in urban settings are exposed to many environmental stressors that trees growing
in rural settings/woodlots are not subject to. These impacts include drought,
compacted soils, limited soil volume, fewer natural predators, and air pollutants. All
these factors can compound the affects how trees recover from an LDD infestation as
they may have limited resources to recover following defoliation.
While tree canopies can be severely or completely defoliated, trees are relatively
resilient and adapted to defoliating inspects and diseases. Trees in good health will
replace leaves later in season to perpetuate annual growth and development with little
adverse impact, however, trees can see branch or crown dieback if energy stores are
depleted for successive years and in some cases, mortality can occur, usually when
other stressors are present such as drought.
Spring of 2021 was extremely dry in York Region, with late May and June experiencing
drought conditions. This was during the peak of the LDD outbreak and there was
concern about how the trees may recover if conditions perpetuated into July and
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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August. As a result, staff educated the public about the importance of providing
adequate hydration to their trees to assist in the recovery and regrowth of leaves. A
watering campaign was also undertaken by Operations staff to water vulnerable street
trees that had been impacted. Deep watering (Attachment #2) four to five (4-5) times
per week over two (2) weeks by a resident illustrates how effective water can be on leaf
regeneration.
July brought the typical rains we see in June and helped regenerate leaf canopy cover
on parkland and within Woodlots across the Region. (Attachment#3).
Outbreaks in Ontario hit historical record high in 2020.
Over the last two (2) years, LDD populations have spiked in Ontario and outbreaks have
been found across the province in many cities and communities within the insect’s
range.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) observed 586,385 ha of
defoliation by LDD across Ontario in 2020, approximately twelve (12) times the area
defoliated the previous year. The LDD population in 2020 produced the largest modest-
severe defoliation recorded (Attachment # 4).
In 2020, York Region undertook an LDD egg mass survey to assess and forecast
populations of LDD caterpillars in 2021. Hot spots were primarily west of Yonge Street,
with severe pockets just north of Wellington Street and around Henderson Drive and
south.
The egg mass survey by York Region for 2021 was not completed at the time of this
report; however, information shared between the municipalities suggests staff are
seeing a general decline in egg masses through their monitoring, though hot spots
remain present.
Naturally occurring killing NPV virus detected in York Region.
NPV is a virus that is one of the most important factors in population collapse of LDD
and occurs when caterpillars are in abundance regardless of climatic conditions.
In 2021, NPV was detected in many York Region municipalities, though staff did not
observe it in Aurora; however, it was more than likely present based on neighbouring
municipalities detection and influx.
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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Newmarket did have widespread NPV occurring in a few woodlots and collected
caterpillars for distribution to neighbouring municipalities for dispersal in hot spot
locations. Town staff introduced NPV infected caterpillars to Case Woodlot and
Sheppard’s Bush in late June.
Control methods part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy.
Aurora manages its urban forest utilizing IMP methodology to care for its trees, shrubs,
and herbaceous plants. The focus is improving and maintaining overall health by
monitoring insect and disease levels applying strategies for control when
tolerance/threshold levels directly impact vegetation health. These methods include
cultural, biological and pest/disease treatments.
In addition to the methods deployed as part of the 2022, LDD Management Plan by staff
additional control options are available and can be adopted into the strategy for
treatment.
Option 1 – Spraying.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Btk) bacterium is a spray treatment registered in Canada for the
control LDD on trees after egg hatch, as it is only poisonous to the larvae (caterpillars).
Health Canada identifies Btk as a natural biological-based insecticide derived from
bacteria naturally found in soil.
Btk crystals and water are combined to create a solution that can be sprayed on
infected trees. These crystals accumulate on leaves which are then consumed by the
caterpillar. Btk affects the organism’s stomach by activating with the alkaline conditions
and breaks down the walls of the insect’s stomach causing sepsis and death. Humans
and mammals are unaffected by the Btk due to the acidic conditions within their
stomachs which prevents the activation of toxins, but it is very important to note that
Btk, will kill other insect species that have a similar cyclical life cycle such as other moth
and butterfly species.
For Btk to be most effective, it is usually applied to infested areas more than once. It
breaks down in the environment very quickly, in three (3) to seven (7) days and faster
with sunlight. The caterpillars must be in an early larval stage for the Btk to work, and
not all caterpillars hatch at the same time. For maximum efficacy, two (2) rounds of
spraying are recommended, approximately ten (10) days apart. It is estimated to kill 60-
80% of the treated population, which means 20-40% of caterpillars are not affected by
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Lymantria Dispar Dispar (LDD) Control Options
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the treatment. Also, re-population of treated areas is possible as caterpillars from
untreated areas can travel up to 200m especially when food sources are depleted.
As with any type of pesticide usage, it can be very controversial, especially when
spraying large areas including publicly accessible areas like woodlands with trails and
public parks. Homes or private lands adjacent to where spraying is taking place may be
exposed to spray drift, which may or may not be acceptable to the public. It should be
noted that there has been controversy related to any aerial spraying of insecticides.
Although studies have noted that Btk causes few adverse effects, people can be
exposed to Btk by breathing in the bacteria while it is being sprayed, and/or by ingesting
it after touching sprayed objects that may have been exposed to overspray. The Town
will need to be prepared to deal with real and perceived risks associated with spraying
and prepared for the rise of resident complaints ranging from allegations of damage to
plants and gardens and possible health related issues.
There are two (2) forms of spray treatments which can be utilized in different situations:
1. Aerial Spray:
For larger wooded areas, aerial spray is the most effective way to manage LDD
outbreaks due to inhibited access to very tall and concentrated tree stands by ground.
In Southern Ontario, there is only one contractor that provides aerial spray services
conducted using a helicopter. Securing the services of this contractor must be
completed prior to March of the treatment year and pesticide applications are
dependent on weather conditions as high wind and rain must be avoided.
When planning aerial spraying in urban areas, an extensive Transport Canada risk
assessment and approval process must be prepared and approved. These plans must
include application and timing restrictions, aircraft type restrictions, pesticide product
restrictions, personnel requirements, public consultation, and notification to residents
among other requirements. Municipalities in the GTA who have conducted aerial sprays
of public land in 2021 include Burlington, London and Oakville. Toronto and
Mississauga did not conduct spraying this year but have in the past. All spraying within
the municipalities have taken place on public lands and were confined to a few discrete
areas such as woodlands and parks. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority also
conducted sprays in conservation Parks in 2021 where camping and recreational
activities such as Treetop Trekking take place.
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Cost:
An aerial spray program would be considered a new level of service for the Town
requiring dedicated funding and staff. Based on 2021 pricing (subject to change and
availability) spraying is estimated at $900/ha and $4,800 in mobilization/ground
support for helicopter. This would include spraying approximately 140 hectares of
woodland (two applications as per product recommendations) in multiple locations
throughout the Town where outbreaks of LDD have been observed including Case
Woodlot, Sheppard’s Bush, Willow Farm Lane Woodlot at an estimated cost $291,600.
It is important to note that Sheppard’s Bush Woodlot is owned by Ontario Heritage Trust
(OHT) and would require their approval to treat. This cost also includes funds for
signage and other communication requirements, contracted staff and truck rental to
coordinate and oversee the program are estimated at approximately $30,000.
2. Ground Spray:
Ground spraying would be the appropriate option for Town street and park trees as the
trees are spread apart and can be targeted to avoid unintended spray drift onto other
properties and surfaces. This type of spraying would be delivered using a contracted
service where BTK would be applied using a handheld or boom truck applicator by a
licensed exterminator to spray each tree.
Several municipalities have conducted ground spraying of trees in 2021 with most
having been on a small scale to target specific trees and areas. These include
Mississauga, Brampton, Hamilton, London, Oakville and Toronto.
Costs:
A ground spraying program would be considered a new level of service for the Town
which would require dedicated funding and staffing. The estimated cost would be
$1,430,000 and includes treatment of approximately 7,000 trees ($200/tree) plus
$30,000 for communications materials, a staffing resource and rental truck to
coordinate and oversee the program.
Option 2 - Tree injection.
An alternative to ground spraying treatment can be applied through tree injection using
TreeAzin®, which is similar to the approach that has been taken to manage Emerald
Ash Borer within Aurora (this would not be feasible for forested areas). This method is
already accepted by our community for managing invasive pests and the risk of
exposure is far less, as the pesticide is injected into the base of the tree by a licensed
operator and degrades naturally within tree tissues. Treatment is required once per
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growing season and occurs just after tree’s leaf out. When caterpillars eat leaves that
contain the insecticide, it kills the caterpillars. As such, caterpillars will not grow to their
largest and most damaging size.
York Region, Mississauga and Toronto treated trees with TreeAzin® in 2021.
Treatments were conducted on streets and in parks including more susceptible trees
such as conifers which cannot regrow their needles at the same rate as deciduous trees
can with their leaves. Typically, a limited number of significant, high value and/or more
vulnerable trees are generally selected for this treatment.
Cost:
The Town’s contractor treated high value trees as a pilot in 2021, the extent of treating
all impacted street and park trees would be considered a new level of service for the
Town requiring dedicated funding and staffing. The estimated cost would be
$1,430,000. The cost includes injection of approximately 7,000 trees ($200/tree based
on 2021 contract pricing and subject to change as contract expires end of 2021) plus
$30,000 for communications materials and a staffing resource and rental truck required
to coordinate and oversee the program.
As part of the Town’s EAB treatment program, the contractor offered treatments of
TreeAzin® to private property owners for their trees utilizing the Town’s preferred
pricing. The uptake was not significant but very positively accepted. Staff can include
this option in a new contract for 2022 season.
Option 3 – Egg mass removals.
Manual removal of egg masses from impacted trees is a common method for
addressing LDD, particularly because each egg mass can contain anywhere between
100 to 1,000 caterpillar eggs. This activity can begin as early as September once the
moths have finished laying eggs. Currently, some of our neighbouring municipalities
(Richmond Hill/Vaughan and Markham) with staff resources, have been able to
complete some vacuuming and scraping on streets and in parks. This tactic could be
employed by a contractor (Town does not have staff available for this level of service)
over the winter months until caterpillars emerge in April 2022.
Cost:
The estimated contracted cost for this activity is approximately $30/tree.
It is estimated 7,000 street trees in hot spot areas could be treated for a total cost of
$210,000
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Option 4 – Expansion of burlap kit program.
A common method used to minimize the impacts of LDD is the installation of burlap
traps around the trunk of the trees at chest height. These traps are secured with a string
or rope in the centre with the top half folded over the bottom half which provides a cool
place for caterpillars to hide from the midday heat and makes them easier to collect and
dispose of. Burlap traps also have been found to promote spread of the NPV virus when
the caterpillars accumulate in large numbers within the trap.
In 2021, Aurora and Newmarket distributed burlap banding kits to homeowners to help
manage LDD on residential properties and/or on Town street trees.
In Aurora, the burlap kit initiative was a very effective way of engaging and educating
residents about LDD and will aid in minimizing damage and controlling spread. Town
staff gave away approximately 835 burlap kits (three (3) to a kit). Based on the number
of residential properties impacted and number of calls received during April and May
when caterpillars were most active, staff are proposing the creation and distribution of
an additional 2,200 burlap kits in 2022. Each kit would include three pieces of burlap,
twine and a fact sheet. Kits would be distributed at the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) or
through an organized distribution event with COVID-19 health and safety measures in
place if required.
Cost:
The estimated cost for this activity would be approximately $22,000, which includes a
staffing resource to create the kits and distribution to the public.
Option 5 – Expanded Street and Sidewalk Sweeping.
In the spring of 2021, Town staff conducted limited street sweeping in areas where
concerns were received by residents. To help mitigate the impacts of LDD on
neighbourhoods, street and sidewalk sweeping on a regular basis would help alleviate
the accumulation of caterpillar droppings that create unsightly and potentially
hazardous conditions.
Cost:
If the program were expanded, it would require a contractor to supplement the current
service level. The estimated cost for this activity would be approximately $150/hour
using external contracted services for six (6) week period 2-3 days a week depending on
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severity. Sweeping activities would take place when the caterpillars are most active
(Late May to early July).
Attachments
Attachment #1 – Street Sweeping
Attachment #2 – Impact of Water on Street Trees
Attachment #3 – Defoliation York Regional Forest
Attachment #4 – LDD Defoliation in Ontario 1980-2020
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