Policy - Reserve Management - 20230921
100 John West Way
Aurora, Ontario
L4G 6J1
(905) 727-3123
aurora.ca
Town of Aurora
Reserve Management
Finance
Contact: Senior Financial Management Advisor
Approval Authority: Council
Effective: September 21, 2023
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Purpose
The purpose of the consolidated Reserve Management Policy is to establish financial
guidelines and appropriate controls for the administration of reserves for the Town of
Aurora.
This policy provides regulations and guidelines on the objectives, standards of care,
reporting requirements and responsibilities for the creation and management of
reserves.
Scope
This policy applies to all aspects of the reserves of the Town of Aurora.
Definitions
Annual Surplus: The excess of revenues over expenses in a given year.
Community Benefit Charge (CBC): Fee allowed under Section 37 of the Planning Act,
which allows a municipality to impose community benefits charges against land to pay
for growth driven capital costs of facilities, services and matters required because of
development or redevelopment. Collected CBCs are consolidated within an
Obligatory/Statutory reserve to be applied to future eligible growth requirements.
Cash in Lieu (CIL) Parkland: In some instances, the Town will elect that required growth
driven parkland be provided as cash-in-lieu of land. Collected CIL Parkland is
consolidated within an Obligatory/Statutory reserve to be applied to future eligible
growth requirements.
Delegation By-law: The Town’s By-law Number 6212-19, as amended, or any successor
by-law thereto.
Development Charges (DC): Fees against land to pay in full or in part on the increased
capital cost required because of increased needs for municipal services arising from
development of area in which the land is located.
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Deferred Revenue: Deferred revenue is money received in advance for products or
services that are going to be performed in the future. For example, development
charges are collected in advance before the capital infrastructure is built.
Discretionary Reserves: Established by Council to earmark revenues to finance a future
expenditure for which it has the authority to spend money, and physically set aside a
certain portion of any year’s revenues so that the funds are available as required.
Reserve: A reserve is money set aside by municipalities for a specific purpose or use.
While Ontario legislation requires municipalities to establish certain reserve in certain
circumstances, municipal councils have the discretion to establish reserves for any
purpose for which they have the authority to spend money. Such reserves are intended
to smooth levy requirements for large and/or one-time purchases, mitigate credit
market risk by saving for future capital needs and reducing dependency on debt, as well
as provide self-insurance for uncertainties such as extreme events, events of
magnitude, cyber-crime, etc.
Reserve Funds: Funds that have been set aside for a future event either pursuant to a
by-law of the municipality, a contractual obligation, or a requirement of provincial
legislation. Reserve funds are either “discretionary” being those set aside by Council of
its own volition or “statutory” or “obligatory” being those required to be set aside by
Council by virtue of a requirement of provincial or federal statute. Municipal councils
may set up reserve funds for any purpose for which they have the authority to spend
money.
Tax Levy: The portion of funds that are collected through property taxes on taxable and
payment-in-lieu assessment of the residential, farm, commercial, industrial, and other
categories of property.
Treasurer/Director of Finance: T he Treasurer/Director of Finance of the Town or
his/her/their designate.
Obligatory/Statutory Reserve: A reserve created when required by statute that the
revenue received for special purposes be segregated from the general revenues of the
municipality.
Policy
Reserves play a vital role in long-term fiscal planning and financial sustainability to
support the Town’s financial health. By taking a long-term view of reserves, the Town
can plan for future increases in asset management capital plan needs and more
effectively fund them over time while minimizing the annual impact to tax and
ratepayers, to ensure the funds are available when needed to support the plan. Reserves
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allow for the collection and deferral of development revenues for application toward
eligible future growth requirements. Reserves also plays a key role to manage the
unexpected economic impacts to Town’s operating budget when required. The policy
outlines the following guidelines and appropriate controls for the administration of
reserves such as:
Types of Reserves
Statutory/Obligatory Reserves:
Obligatory reserves are funds that are segregated for specific purposes in accordance
with Provincial statues or other legal agreements. There are strict rules and restrictions
around the collection and use of these reserves such as deferred revenue reserves (DC
/ CBC / CIL Parkland funded reserves)
Discretionary Reserves:
Discretionary reserves are designated for various purposes supported by Council.
Segregation is not required. These funds provide the Town with financial flexibility to
ensure that funds are available to finance a future expenditure or liability, manage
cyclical expenditures and plan for contingencies.
Discretionary reserves are subdivided into following categories:
1. Tax levy funded reserves – reserves funded by the tax levy and are established
by Council for the repairs and rehabilitation of existing Town assets or to pay for
the portion of new assets that are not funded from growth revenues such as DC’s
or to funds the Town’s masterplan and study development.
2. User Rate funded reserves – The user rate funded reserves are funded from the
water, wastewater, and stormwater rates.
3. Operating /special purpose reserves - Reserves funded by levy or other revenue
sources are used to mitigate or stabilize the impact on service levels, tax rates
and user fees of revenues shortfalls, higher-than-expected expenses and large
periodic or one-time expenses.
Objectives of Reserves
Reserves provide stability and flexibility in the management and planning of the Town’s
financial resources and contribute to the long-term sustainability of the Town’s services
and infrastructure required to deliver the services.
Adequately funded reserves allow the Town to:
• Provide for future expenditures and/or liabilities;
• Ensure funding is set aside to meet legislated and contractual obligations;
• Provide for major capital expenditures;
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• Smooth expenditures which would otherwise cause fluctuations in the operating
budget and tax levy;
• Take advantage of financial opportunities that may arise;
• Mitigate the impacts of economic downturns, disasters, pandemics, and other
negative events;
• Provide liquidity; and
• Provide for emergencies.
Establishing Reserves
A new reserve should only be established if it cannot be accommodated within an
existing reserve and/or all other possible alternatives have already been considered.
The Treasurer/ Director of Finance has the delegated authority to create new reserves
as required as per the delegation by-law. However, Council should be informed of any
reserve creation via report to Council or as part of the annual budget development. The
budget document, report or resolution must clearly identify the name of the reserve
being created and the purpose for the new reserve and include a financial plan which
identifies the target funding level (if applicable), funding sources and projected
disbursements (when practicable) to meet planned future obligations, and other
relevant information where applicable. In consideration of the administrative workload
the Town will strive to minimize the number of reserves.
Managing Reserves
To assist the Town in managing reserves, where appropriate, guidance related to
recommended reserve level targets and funding sources are provided on the Town’s
web reserve schedule (schedule of reserve funds)
Discretionary reserve balances will be determined by the Town’s Fiscal Strategy
financial obligations, future reserve requirements and available resources. As per the
delegated authority by Council the Treasurer/Director of Finance can redirect funding
between discretionary reserves. The Town should apply the following guidelines for the
management of reserves:
Investment of Reserves
Reserves are to be invested and earn interest income for a term that coincides with the
Town’s fiscal year. Applicable funds must be invested in accordance with the Town’s
Investment Policy.
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Contributions to/withdrawals from Reserves
All contributions to and/or withdrawals from reserves shall be approved by Council,
normally as a part of the annual budget process or specifically by resolution with the
following exceptions:
• Direct contributions to reserves such as development charge contributions;
• Transfers of funds between Discretionary Reserves based upon reserve
adequacy analysis, at the discretion Treasurer/ Director of Finance;
• Transfers of funds between Discretionary Reserves for reserve restructuring
which, in the opinion of the Treasurer/ Director of Finance, have not changed the
purpose for which the funds were intended;
• Transfers to reserves as per the Town’s surplus/deficit management bylaw;
• Contributions to and/or withdrawals from revolving reserves such as Winter
Management, Employer Benefits and Tax Rate Stabilization can be made at any
time at the discretion of the Treasurer/ Director of Finance for the purpose
approved by Council;
• The Treasurer/ Director of Finance can authorize the use of undesignated
reserve(s) to fund costs related to an unforeseen event or occurrence deemed an
immediate threat to public safety, the maintenance of essential Town services, or
the welfare and protection of persons, property, or the environment. Repayment
of funds withdrawn is determined by the Treasurer/ Director of Finance based on
needs and adequacy of balances;
• All contributions to and/or withdrawals from reserves will be clearly identified
and segregated within the Town’s accounting system. Budgeted contributions to
reserves will be transferred upon Council approval of the budget and
contributions based on surplus variances will be transferred as required.
• Staff to give funding priority to other revenue sources first such as grants if
applicable before accessing reserve funds to fund capital projects;
• Growth projects should be funded by development charge revenue as outlined in
the DC study and only the benefit to existing (non-development charge eligible
costs) should be funded through the tax-levy reserves;
• Reserve contributions and funding sources vary according to the specific
reserve. Specific direction regarding these contributions and funding sources is
provided on the Town’s web reserve schedule (schedule of reserve funds)
Reserve balance deficit should be avoided as a best practice
A reserve balance before commitments should not be in a deficit position. Only under
very limited circumstances can a withdrawal /transfer place a reserve in a negative
balance, excluding commitments and will requires Council approval. As a best practice,
negative reserve balances should be minimized as this represents inter-fund lending
which takes away the flexibility of the lending reserves.
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Council may, where it is deemed to be in the best interest of its taxpayers, approve the
issuance of debt for the Town’s municipal business. Issuing debt provides the flexibility
to proceed with planned capital projects sooner rather than waiting to collect the
funding source for the project in a reserve. Debt issuance should be viewed in
combination with long-term capital planning and reserve management as outlined in the
Town’s fiscal strategy.
If a reserve is in a negative financial position, restoring the reserve to zero or positive
position takes priority over funding projects, costs, or other initiatives the reserve is
intended to fund.
Annual Surplus/Deficit
As outlined in the Town’s surplus/deficit management bylaw and within this policy, the
following steps for the allocation of tax-funded operating surplus and deficit
management using reserves should be followed in this order:
1. The supplementary tax revenue growth in excess of the net budgeted amount be
allocated to the Growth and New reserve.
2. Any net operating budget surplus in Winter Control operations be allocated to the
Winter Control reserve. This contribution is not to exceed the Town’s total tax-
funded surplus.
3. Any remaining net operating surplus be allocated 50 percent to the tax rate
stabilization reserve and 50 percent to be allocated to tax-funded capital
reserves based on the future asset management plan requirements.
4. Any Aurora Public Library surplus will be allocated to the facilities asset
management reserve.
Alternatively, should a net tax-funded operating deficit occur, it would be funded from
the tax rate stabilization reserve. For the Town’s user rate funded operating budgets,
any arising surplus or deficit for building services, water, wastewater, and storm water
operating budgets are to be managed through their own reserves.
Inter-fund lending
Temporary intra-fund lending between reserves is permitted to temporarily finance
capital expenditures or operating cash flow deficiencies to avoid external temporary
borrowing costs. However, the following conditions must be met:
• Borrowing will not adversely affect the intended purpose of the reserve;
• A plan to repay the reserve within a reasonable timeframe as determined by the
Manager Financial Management, based on the nature of the loan and ability to
repay is required;
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• If applicable, interest based upon the Town’s investment rate of return will be
applied to any outstanding borrowed amounts;
• All earned interest income must be allocated to lending reserve(s); and
• Where applicable, legislative requirements may apply.
Closing Reserves
If the purpose or purposes for which a reserve was created has been accomplished and
the reserve is determined to be no longer necessary, the Treasurer/Director of Finance
has the authority to close the reserve as per the delegated authority by Council. Council
should be informed via report or through the annual budget process with the following
information and/or recommendations (if necessary) pertaining to each deleted reserve:
• the closure of the reserve
• the disposition of any remaining funds
• the necessary amendment to the Reserve by-law
For any of the Town’s legacy reserves, the by-law under which they were initially created
may need to be amended to reflect the reserve’s closure. Otherwise, the Treasurer is
able to close the reserve as per the delegated authority.
10-year reserves forecast
A 10-year reserve forecast should be maintained by the Finance team to ensure the
proper planning and analysis of reserve health. The reserve forecast should include the
planned draws from the reserves which align with 10-year capital plan. The reserve
forecast should also include applicable planned contributions to reserves from various
sources such as tax-levy, DC’s, investment income, grant revenue or any user rate fee
revenues.
Responsibilities
Council
Council shall:
• In accordance with the S.224 of the Municipal Act 2001, develop and evaluate
policies, ensure that administrative policies, practices and procedures and
controllership policies, practices and procedures are in place to maintain the
financial integrity of the municipality.
• Approve transactions to and from reserves through the budget process or by
specific resolution and by-laws.
Treasurer/Director of Finance
• Overall responsibility for the management of reserves;
• Authority to rebalance discretionary reserves within the same funding sources a s
they deem necessary;
• To create new and close reserves; and
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Manager Financial Management
• Ensures a review and report to Council on the adequacy and continuing need for
reserves is undertaken when deemed necessary.
• Arranges for the preparation and presentation of required reports and/or by-laws
for the creation or termination of any new or obsolete reserve.
• Develops appropriate strategies, procedures, and processes for the investment
of reserves.
• A plan to repay the temporary lending of funds between reserve within a
reasonable timeframe along with the interest payments.
Senior Financial Management Advisor
• Determines the need for reserves for operating and capital through the
development of the long-range fiscal planning strategy.
• Ensures that the appropriate allowances, contributions and/or appropriations are
accounted for in the Town’s annual budget relating to the financial requirements
of the reserves.
• Monitors and reconciles all receipts to and disbursements from reserve accounts
to ensure compliance with provincial regulations.
Executive Leadership Team, Corporate Management Team
• Provide Financial Management with most current capital asset requirements that
remain in alignment with the approved asset management plan to be used in the
assessment of the adequacy of capital lifecycle reserves.
• Inform Financial Management when reserve transfers are required; and Consult
with the Director of Finance when reserves transfers are required in support of
unbudgeted transactions.
Monitoring and Compliance
The implementation of the reserve management policy should be monitored through:
• Annual Budget: Contributions to and from reserves should be approved by
Council as a part of the annual budget approval. The annual budget binder will
include an updated 10- year reserve forecast and details regarding reserve
health.
• Annual Audited Financial Statements: Shall include a statement of financial
position, financial activities, and changes in fund balances for all reserves.
• Report on reserve addition or deletion: A n update on the addition or deletion of
reserves will be provided to Council via report.
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• Periodic adequacy review: A comprehensive review of the reserves will be
undertaken as required to determine if the existing balances are adequate based
on analysis of requirements, that the need for the reserves still exists and/or
identify the need for any new reserves.
References
• Fiscal Strategy
• Debt Policy
Review Timeline
This policy will be reviewed 2 years after the initial approval date.