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AGENDA - Environmental Advisory Committee - 20210125Town of Aurora Environmental Advisory Committee Meeting Agenda Date:Monday, January 25, 2021 Time:7:00 p.m. Location:Video Conference Pages 1.Procedural Notes This meeting will be held electronically as per Section 19. i) of the Town's Procedure By-law No. 6228-19, as amended, due to the COVID-19 situation. 2.Appointment of Committee Chair and Vice Chair That a Committee member be elected as Chair for Year 2021 of the Environmental Advisory Committee (2018-2022 Term); and 1. That a Committee member be elected as Vice Chair for Year 2021 of the Environmental Advisory Committee (2018-2022 Term). 2. 3.Approval of the Agenda 4.Declarations of Pecuniary Interest and General Nature Thereof 5.Receipt of the Minutes 6.Delegations Note: Anyone wishing to provide comment on an agenda item is encouraged to visit www.aurora.ca/participation for guidelines on electronic delegation. 6.1.Alex X, representing Greener Days; Re: Marker Recycling in Aurora 1 6.2.Michael de Rond, Town Clerk; Re: Committee Orientation 7.Matters for Consideration 7.1.Memorandum from Energy and Climate Change Analyst; Re: Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 2 (Presentation to be provided by Susan Hall, Partner and Project Lead, LURA Consulting) That the memorandum regarding Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan be received; and 1. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding the Community Energy Plan be received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as appropriate. 2. 7.2.Memorandum from Manager, Parks and Fleet; Re: Greening the Fleet - Green Fleet Action Plan 107 That the memorandum regarding Greening the Fleet - Green Fleet Action Plan be received; and 1. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding Greening the Fleet - Green Fleet Action Plan be received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as appropriate. 2. 7.3.Round Table Discussion; Re: Private Tree Protection By-law No. 5850-16 124 That Private Tree Protection By-law Number 5850-16 be received; and 1. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding Private Tree Protection By-law Number 5850-16 be received and referred to staff for consideration and action as appropriate. 2. 8.Informational Items 9.Adjournment Environmental Advisory Committee Marker Recycling in Aurora Alex X. I am representing Greener Days (Environmental non-profit). I will be talking in regards to how we can repurpose our used markers. I believe that markers create a huge amount of waste in the world and even in Aurora. And although they may be small, a lot of new products and benefits can be easily created through the introduction of this program in Aurora. My goal is to reduce the amount of marker waste through recycling thorugh a multitude of programs. Through my 5 minute presentation, I would dicusss how easily this can be achieved, the many benefits in more detail, as well as how urgent the need is to make this a reality. Samantha Yew Sunday, December 20th, 2020 4 4 4 100 John West Way Aurora, Ontario L4G 6J1 (905)727-3123aurora.ca Town of Aurora Delegation Request Legislative Services This Delegation Request form and any written submissions or background information for consideration by either Council or Committees of Council must be submitted to Legislative Services. Council or Committee Meeting Date: Subject: Name of Spokesperson and Name of Group or Person(s) being Represented (if applicable): Brief Summary of Issue or Purpose of Delegation: Have you been in contact with a Town staff or Council member regarding your matter of interest? Yes ☐No ☐ If yes, with whom? Date: ☐I acknowledge that the Procedure By-law permits five (5) minutes for Delegations. I wish to submit my delegation by (select one): ☐Video/audio*☐Phone*☒In Writing ☐In Person** *Must attend electronic meeting. Please click here for more information.**Subject to meeting format and submission of Screening Registration Form Page 1 of 135 100 John West Way Aurora, Ontario L4G 6J1 (905) 727-3123 aurora.ca Town of Aurora Memorandum Planning and Development Services ______________________________________________________________________ Re: Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan To: Environmental Advisory Committee From: Natalie Kehle, Energy and Climate Change Analyst Date: January 25, 2021 ______________________________________________________________________ Recommendations 1. That the memorandum regarding the Community Energy Plan be received; and, 2. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding the Community Energy Plan be received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as appropriate. Background The purpose of this MEMO is to seek comments from the Environmental Advisory Committee on the attached Community Energy Plan (CEP). The Community Energy Plan was presented to Council at the January 12, 2021 General Council meeting and will be receive final approval at the January 26 Council meeting. Feedback received from the EAC will be added to the final version of CEP and any significant revisions will be reported to Council at the February 16 General Council meeting prior to submitting the CEP to Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM). Council and Advisory Committee meeting timelines are based on project funding deadlines from FCM. A CEP represents an important tool for Aurora to ensure energy security, support local economic development, foster a culture of social responsibility and sustainability and to identify ways to reduce the community’s energy consumption and GHG emissions. The CEP considers the environmental and economic benefits of how energy is consumed and generated in the community, as well as how this impacts the quality of life of Aurora’s residents. Developing a CEP is considered best practice for municipal strategic, long-term planning. Page 2 of 135 Community Energy Plan January 25 2021 Page 2 of 3 A consulting team lead by LURA Consulting was retained to develop the CEP, having considerable experience in developing other Energy Plans in the GTA for the City of Vaughan and the Town of Newmarket. Central to the Plan’s development was the Aurora CEP Stakeholder Working Group, comprised of key stakeholders from the surrounding community. The group was consulted throughout the Plan’s development, having met five times, while providing invaluable recommendations for the Plan’s goals, strategies and implementation. In addition, the Plan went through extensive public consultation which included two community engagement events, one online open house and a presentation to the Town of Aurora Community Advisory Committee in October 2020. Analysis The CEP provides strategic direction to move towards a sustainable energy future. It takes a long-term view to 2050 and aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and to foster a culture of conservation for Aurora. It considers the impact of future growth and options for local clean energy generation. Supporting economic development by better meeting local energy needs is a key element within the Plan’s overall approach.  Reducing the amount of energy used by the Aurora community creates new economic growth, supports an active community, and supports a healthier atmosphere.  The direction of the Plan has been informed by members of the public, Town staff, Community Advisory Committee and community stakeholders.  The Energy and Emissions Baseline analysis determined that over half of Aurora’s greenhouse gas emissions are generated from heating homes and other buildings (such as offices, stores, and schools) and from personal vehicle use.  The Community Energy Plan provides a pathway towards the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the Community by 80% from 2018 levels by 2050.  Fourteen Made-in-Aurora Strategies are developed to reduce Community greenhouse gas emissions and to achieve the Plan’s energy goals.  An Implementation Plan has been developed identifying Town roles and responsibilities, actions and budget implications. Page 3 of 135 Community Energy Plan January 25 2021 Page 3 of 3 Future capital and operating budget requests listed in Table 6 of the Energy Plan will be considered as part of the Town’s ten-year capital plan and funding will be determined as part of the budget process. Attachments Attachment 1 – Community Energy Plan Page 4 of 135 72:12)$8525$ &20081,7<(1(5*<3/$1 Attachment 1 Page 5 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan © 2021, The Corporation of the Town of Aurora. All Rights Reserved. The preparation of this plan was carried out with assistance from the Government of Canada and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities. Notwithstanding this support, the views expressed are the personal views of the authors, and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and the Government of Canada accept no responsibility for them. Project funding support provided by the Government of Ontario. DRAFT FOR COUNCIL REVIEW – January 2021 Page 6 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan i Message from Mayor Mrakas The Town of Aurora is a beautiful municipality in the heart of York Region. Not only is it rich in history and culture, but many amenities create wonderful opportunities to live, work and play in our vibrant community. The Town falls within the Lake Simcoe Watershed and a recent study by the Lake Simcoe Conservation Authority (LSRCA) found that climate change is already impacting aspects of our watershed and putting ecosystems, homes, businesses, and public infrastructure at risk. The Town is prioritizing reducing emissions and increasing resiliency both within its operations and at the community level as part of its commitment under the 2019 declaration of Climate Emergency. The Community Energy Plan (CEP) is a large step in the process to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the community. This Plan outlines how the Town intends to grow towards a sustainable energy future. It describes the steps to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and foster a culture of conservation for our residents, businesses, and local institutions. The Plan allows us to keep energy dollars, estimated to be $178 million in 2018, in our community where we can put them towards our needs. Since 2018, the Town has committed to reducing greenhouse gas through the following initiatives: - Council endorsed the Aurora Corporate Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan, which set a target of reducing municipal emissions by 16% by 2023 from 2018 levels. - Council endorsed the Anti-Idling Policy, limiting unnecessary emissions. - The Town: o Joined the Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) program, which consists of a five-step Milestone Framework that guides action against climate change. The Community Energy Plan fulfills the first three PCP Milestones, including creating a baseline emissions inventory and forecast, setting emissions reduction targets, and developing a local action plan. o Purchased an energy management software to track energy use trends, support reduction strategies, help with Provincial energy reporting activities, and the first step in implementing a corporate-wide energy management system (EMS). o Replaced lighting at all the Town facilities to high efficiency LED. o Installed solar panels at four Town Facilities generated 652,700 kWh of solar power in 2019. o Designed the new Library Square Project to align with the LEED Gold standard and includes over 20 green design features. - Council approved funding for the Green Development Standard for sustainable community development guidelines that will be applied to the Town’s planning process. - Council approved funding for energy conservation measures at Town Facilities to be implemented in 2020-2021. The CEP adds strength to Aurora’s community culture of environmental and economic leadership. As a community, we can provide a sustainable future for our families and businesses. This Plan supports residents, business owners, institutions, and the Town to address climate change positively and effectively. Sincerely, Mayor Tom Mrakas Mayor Tom Mrakas Page 7 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan ii Stakeholder Working Group The Town of Aurora would like to thank the following organizations for their participation in the Stakeholder Working Group (SWG). The SWG was involved throughout the project and shaped the development of this Community Energy Plan. • Alectra Utilities • Aurora Chamber of Commerce • Counterpoint Engineering • Desjardins • Enbridge Gas • Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) • Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority (LSRCA) • Toronto Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) • Town of Aurora Council • Town of Aurora Community Advisory Committee • Town of Aurora Staff – various divisions • Windfall Ecology Centre • York Catholic District School Board • York Region • York Region District School Board Page 8 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan iii Glossary of Terms Term Definition Air-source heat pump An air-source heat pump pulls heat from outdoor air to heat homes in the winter and releases heat into outdoor air to cool in summer. It functions similarly as an air conditioning unit but provides both cooling and heating for the home. It can be powered with electricity, natural gas, or renewable energy sources. Baseline Estimation of the current (2018) energy use, energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Business-as-Planned The Business-as-Planned (BAP) scenario is developed to understand future energy consumption, energy costs and emissions for the Town of Aurora-based on changes in population and employment. It considers the impacts of provincial and federal government commitments and assumes no action is taken locally to reduce energy or emissions. District Energy System (DES) District energy systems (DES) use pipes to supply heating, cooling and/or power to multiple connected buildings from a decentralized energy source. Buildings that produce excess energy (“anchor tenants”) can redistribute energy to nearby buildings. Gigajoule (GJ) A gigajoule (GJ) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units. It equals one billion Joules. The amount of energy represented by one GJ is equivalent to 278 kWh. Greenhouse gas emissions A greenhouse gas absorbs and radiates heat in the lower atmosphere that otherwise would be lost in space. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The most abundant greenhouse gas is CO2 – carbon dioxide. Measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). Ground-mounted solar Ground-mounted solar panels are anchored to the ground, rather than rooftop systems. They can be a single array or much larger to cover a field or parking lot. Kilowatt-hour (kWh) A kilowatt-hour is a unit of electrical energy used as the basic billing unit and equals the use of 1 thousand watts of electricity in one hour. Mode shift Encouraging individuals to use active transportation (walking, rolling, cycling) or public transit instead of gasoline-powered vehicles. Net-zero ready Net Zero Ready provides building owners with an achievable first step towards a Net Zero building. Buildings that are Net Zero Ready, are built to a high energy efficient standard. The building owner can incorporate renewable energy in the building later and at a lower cost due to a reduced requirement for energy. For example, a Passive House or Canadian Green Building Council Zero Carbon Building. Offset Through carbon offsetting, emission reductions are sold to the purchaser in the form of an “offset”. Offsets (measured in tonnes of CO2e) effectively reduce the purchaser’s net emissions. Sequestration Long-term storage of carbon (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar thermal Solar thermal energy is a form of energy that harnesses solar energy to heat water, air or other fluids, for use in industry, and in the residential and commercial sectors. Solar thermal technology uses energy from the sun for domestic hot water heaters and can be used year-round in Canada. Stationary Energy Stationary energy sources are those used in buildings – including homes, stores, offices and schools. Stationary energy is one of the largest sources of GHG emissions in many communities. Page 9 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan iv Term Definition Traffic zone Sections of the Town are broken down into manageable sizes for analysis. These sections are known as traffic zones. Traffic zones align with other planning exercises at the Town level. Abbreviations Abbreviation Full reference BAP Business-as-Planned CEP Community Energy Plan DES District Energy System DYEC Durham York Energy Centre ECDM Energy and Conservation Demand Management EV Electric vehicle EWRB Energy and Water Reporting and Benchmarking FCM Federation of Canadian Municipalities FIT Feed-in-tariff GFA Gross floor area GHG Greenhouse gas GJ Gigajoule GPC Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories IESO Independent Electricity System Operator IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IWG Implementation Working Group kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LIC Local Improvement Charge LSRCA Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority MEP Municipal Energy Plan MURB Multi-use residential building MW Megawatt NRCan Natural Resources Canada OBC Ontario Building Code PACE Property Assessed Clean Energy PCF Pan-Canadian Framework PCP Partners in Climate Protection PPS Provincial Policy Statement PV Photovoltaic SWG Stakeholder Working Group tCO2e Tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent TGS Toronto Green Standard TMP Transportation Management Plan YRT York Region Transit Page 10 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan v Executive Summary Introduction Energy powers homes, schools and workplaces. Energy keeps the economy going, allows people to move around and supports resident quality of life. At the same time, energy use can have negative impacts on the natural environment and financial health. Aurora can create a low carbon future that benefits the environment, the local economy, and all who use energy. Reducing the amount of energy used by the Aurora community creates new economic growth, supports an active community, and supports a healthier atmosphere for people and the planet. The Community Energy Plan (CEP) provides strategic direction to move towards a sustainable energy future. It takes a long-term view to 2050 and aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and foster a culture of conservation. It considers the impact of future growth and options for local clean energy generation. Supporting economic development by better meeting local energy needs is a key element within the Plan. The Community Energy Plan provides a pathway towards the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% from 2018 levels by 2050. Aurora’s Energy Future to 2050 Energy and GHG emissions for Aurora are anticipated to stay around the same level until 2050 despite the expected population growth. Energy and GHG emissions stay around the same level because of reductions from modest energy efficiency retrofits, increased energy performance of new buildings, the changing carbon content of electricity and natural gas, improved fuel economy and provincial and federal efforts. However, these actions alone are not enough to achieve an 80% reduction from 2018 levels by 2050. Action is needed at the community level to further reduce emissions. Energy Vision Aurora is a leader in energy and emissions reduction, with a focus on improving quality of life in collaboration with residents, organizations and businesses. Energy Goals • Educate and communicate with the public about the impact of energy choices. • Encourage healthy and complete communities for residents to live, work and play through land-use planning. • Encourage homes and apartments to use energy consciously and increase efficiency. • Encourage local businesses and industries to use energy consciously and increase efficiency. • Increase access to clean and renewable energy in the community. • Integrate nature-based solutions in land use to capture carbon. • Support a range of low carbon transportation options that are accessible, including electric vehicles, public transit, walking and cycling. • Support the local economy. • Support waste reduction efforts at the local and regional level. Energy Target The Community Energy Plan outlines a series of strategies that achieve a 22% reduction by 2030 from 2018 levels and a 65% reduction by 2050. These put Aurora on a path towards an 80% emissions reduction by 2050. Page 11 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan vi Strategies to Reduce Emissions The plan includes a series of strategies, developed in collaboration with a Stakeholder Working Group – comprised of individuals from local utilities, businesses, residents and Town staff - and feedback from the public, to help reduce energy use and emissions in Aurora. Overall, the strategies aim to: • Reduce the amount of energy used in new and existing buildings, including homes, businesses, offices, apartments, Town facilities, schools, and industry • Consider cleaner ways of powering the Town (through district energy systems and solar power) • Rely less on gasoline-powered cars and switch to electric vehicles • Promote walking, cycling, rolling and transit use • Reduce the amount of waste generated in the Town and • Pursue compact, mixed-use development. Homes are responsible for 45% of all energy use in Aurora and 37% of total emissions. On average, residents in Aurora are spending about $910 to heat and power their homes each year. There are two strategies for homes. The first calls for the design and implementation of a tiered building code or green standard. Developers would be encouraged to meet higher levels of energy efficiency when building new homes. The second strategy outlines a voluntary deep energy retrofit program for existing homes. A deep energy retrofit looks at the entire home or building and aims for significant increases in energy efficiency. Saving energy means saving money to heat, cool and power homes. Businesses and institutions are responsible for 16% of all energy used in the community and 14% of emissions. Like homes, the CEP includes strategies for new and existing businesses and institutions. These include a tiered building code or green standard for new buildings and a voluntary deep retrofit program for existing buildings. The CEP includes a strategy for increasing efficiency in multi-unit buildings. In Aurora, industrial buildings and facilities are responsible for 13% of total energy and 3% of total emissions. Industries already have a vested interest in managing their energy consumption to the best of their abilities. The CEP reflects ongoing energy efficiency improvements in industrial buildings using energy management systems. Most trips made by residents of Aurora are completed in a car. The transportation sector is responsible for 26% of total energy and 37% of total emissions. Personal vehicle use is responsible for 99% of all transportation energy and emissions. The first strategy aims to reduce the impacts of travel through “mode shift”. This means encouraging other methods of travel (such as cycling, walking or taking transit) instead of driving. The second strategy aims to support the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by developing a plan to increase EV charging infrastructure. Aurora’s Energy, Emissions & Costs (2018) • 6.8 million GJ of energy to heat and power homes and buildings and for transportation fuel within the Town • Cost the community $178 million; $2,900 per person annually • the community of Aurora produced over 326,000 tonnes of carbon- dioxide equivalent. • Over half of the emissions are produced from heating homes and other buildings (such as offices, stores, and schools). • Travel is also a large source of emissions – the majority of which comes from personal cars, trucks and SUVs. Page 12 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan vii Working with York Region, the Town of Aurora provides many programs and services to encourage waste reduction and diversion. Waste emissions were 9% of the total in 2018. The CEP calls for implementing programs to reduce waste generation and to increase waste diversion from landfills. District energy systems (DES) use pipes to supply heating, cooling and/or power to multiple connected buildings from a local, decentralized energy source. Buildings that produce excess energy (“anchor tenants”) can redistribute energy to other buildings nearby. While the opportunity for district energy exists, there is significant detailed planning involved in assessing district energy application for the Town. As a result, the CEP recommends conducting a feasibility study to further assess district energy solutions. The CEP attributes some GHG emissions and energy reduction potential through renewable energy. The plan recommends identifying specific locations and applications for solar energy on Town properties while encouraging uptake amongst homes, businesses and the industrial sector. Land use planning and carbon sequestration activities support these strategies. How land use is planned and developed has a long-term impact on the environment. The CEP recommends building compact, mixed- use communities where residents can live, work and play. The plan recommends continued efforts to protect tree canopy, and green spaces, and to work with partner agencies to quantify the impacts of carbon sequestration on the Town’s reduction target. The strategies outlined will reduce annual emissions in Aurora by 72,361 tonnes CO2e in 2030 and 212,364 tonnes CO2e in 2050. This is a 22 percent reduction in emissions from 2018 levels and a 65 percent reduction in emissions in 2050. A significant transformational effort will be required to meet these reductions by the Town, agencies, homeowners and businesses. While the CEP strategies are significant, there remains a gap in achieving an 80% emissions reduction by 2050. An additional effort by federal and provincial governments as well as advances in technologies will be needed. The plan intentionally sets a 30- year planning horizon, and the Town will continue to evaluate progress over time and identify ways to close the gap. The CEP will guide the Town of Aurora and the wider community to reduce energy and greenhouse gas emissions. A strong focus on implementation, governance and monitoring is essential to the Plan’s success. Page 13 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan viii Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 The Need for a Community Energy Plan ........................................................................................................ 1 Benefits of Energy Planning ........................................................................................................................... 3 International and Federal Direction ................................................................................................................ 3 Provincial Direction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Aurora’s Environmental Commitment ............................................................................................................. 5 Vision, Goals and Targets ................................................................................................................................. 6 Vision ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Goals ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Targets .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Energy and Emissions in Aurora ........................................................................................................................ 8 Baseline and Base Year ................................................................................................................................. 8 Energy Use .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Energy Costs ................................................................................................................................................. 9 GHG Emissions ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Town of Aurora Corporate Emissions ........................................................................................................... 11 Aurora’s Energy Future to 2050 ....................................................................................................................... 12 Energy and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies ........................................................................................ 14 Homes ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Businesses & Institutions ............................................................................................................................. 26 Industry ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 District Energy.............................................................................................................................................. 36 Travel ........................................................................................................................................................... 38 Waste .......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Renewable Energy Supply ........................................................................................................................... 48 Land Use ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 Carbon Sequestration & Offsets ................................................................................................................... 52 Impacts of Action in Aurora .............................................................................................................................. 53 Implementation ................................................................................................................................................ 56 Governance ................................................................................................................................................. 56 Enabling Components .................................................................................................................................. 61 Potential Partners ........................................................................................................................................ 61 Reporting & Renewal ................................................................................................................................... 62 Page 14 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 1 Introduction The Need for a Community Energy Plan Energy powers homes, schools and workplaces. Energy keeps the economy going, allows people to move around and supports resident quality of life. At the same time, energy use can have negative impacts on the natural environment and financial health. We can create a low carbon future that benefits the environment, the local economy, and all who use energy. Reducing the amount of energy used by the Aurora community creates new economic growth, supports an active community, and supports a healthier atmosphere for people and the planet. Today, towns and cities are experiencing the impacts of a changing climate. Greenhouse gas emissions – like carbon dioxide - are the primary cause of climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions (or GHGs) trap heat in the atmosphere, warming the surface of the earth. As we continue to produce GHGs, we are contributing to climate change. More severe storm events, flooding, and infrastructure damage are seen in local communities. As a result, scientists have declared an urgent need for action to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. Based on findings from the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority’s Climate Change Adaptation Strategy1, as shown in Figure 1, by 2080, the Town will experience: • Annual temperatures increase up to 5.5°C • Increased daily temperatures in all seasons • Many more days over 30°C and fewer under -10°C • Increased intensity, duration, and frequency of heavy storms • Higher annual precipitation, with winter and spring significantly wetter • Longer grower season, more frost-free days The changes to climate, paired with the amount of energy consumed for the Town’s municipal operations have impacts on municipal infrastructure, assets and budget. The amount of energy used in homes, businesses, schools, industry, and transportation represents a significant amount of investment. Reducing energy use, reducing GHG emissions and reducing the dollars leaving the community presents a dynamic opportunity for Aurora. The Community Energy Plan (CEP) is Aurora’s response to addressing this opportunity. The CEP provides strategic direction to move towards a sustainable energy future. It takes a long-term view to 2050 and aims to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions, and foster a culture of conservation. It considers the impact of future growth and options for local clean energy generation. Supporting economic development by better meeting local energy needs is a key element within the overall Plan approach. The Community Energy Plan provides a pathway towards the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% from 2018 levels by 2050. 1 LSRCA [Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority]. 2020. Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority. 258pp. Retrieved from: https://www.lsrca.on.ca/Shared%20Documents/board/02- 20-BOD%20-%20Attachment%20-%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation%20Strategy_Final%20Draft.pdf Page 15 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 2 Figure 1: Lake Simcoe Watershed Climate Projections (Attributed to Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority) Page 16 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 3 Benefits of Energy Planning Energy planning provides a myriad of benefits to the local community, ranging from environmental and climate benefits to economic and health benefits. These benefits are well-documented in research, which analyses the successful implementation of CEPs across the country2. There are four main pillars of energy planning benefits: environmental, economic, social and health3,4. First, reducing local energy use results in a reduction of GHG emissions. Community energy planning helps to address the community's role in the global climate crisis – inline with the Town’s 2019 climate emergency declaration5. By declaring a climate emergency, the Town deepened its commitment to reducing emissions and protecting the community from the impacts of climate change, per the Paris Accord. Energy is a significant cost in Aurora, much of which leaves the local community. Rather than contributing to the local economy, Aurora’s energy dollars go to producers and distributors elsewhere in Ontario, Canada, and the USA. Local decisions around energy planning can reduce energy costs and keep those dollars in the community. Progressive energy planning (and reduced energy costs) can also attract and retain local businesses, particularly amongst those with eco-friendly mandates. Improving energy efficiency and conservation leads to reduced utility bills for residents, businesses, and the Town as a whole. This is especially important for low and moderate-income households, which often spend a larger part of their income on energy costs – demonstrating that energy planning is a social equity issue6. Finally, energy planning has the potential to positively impact the health of residents. Reductions in energy use can lead to reduced local air pollution and improved air quality. A focus on active transportation (walking, rolling, cycling) promotes physical activity and exercise. International and Federal Direction The Paris Agreement –aims to keep the global average temperature rise well below two degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius - entered into force in November 20167. In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a special report on the impacts of a 2 QUEST – Quality Urban Energy Systems of Tomorrow (2016). Community Energy Planning: The Value Proposition. Retrieved from: www.gettingtoimplementation.ca 3 Ibid. 4 Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap 5 Climate Emergency Declaration (2019). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from: https://www.aurora.ca/en/your- government/resources/Environment-and-Sustainability/2019-10-22-Council-Minutes.pdf 6 Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap 7 The Paris Agreement (2016). Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 26 May 2020 from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/paris-agreement.html Environmental Economic Social Health Page 17 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 4 1.5-degree temperature rise – underscoring the need for “rapid and far-reaching” transitions in how lands, energy, industry, buildings, transportation are used and how cities are designed8. In 2016, Canada adopted the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (PCF). The PCF builds on four pillars – carbon pricing, emission reductions, adaptation and resilience, and clean technology and innovation – and aims to meet Canada’s emissions reduction target of 30% below 2005 levels by 20309. Beginning in 2019, the federal government places a regulatory charge on fuel10. About 90% of the proceeds from this charge are directed to individuals and families through the Climate Action Incentive. The purpose of the system is to raise awareness of the impacts and costs of pollution and incentivize consumers to pollute less11. Industries in Ontario originally fell under the federal carbon pricing system after the cancellation of the former cap and trade program in 2018. However, in September 2020, the federal government indicated that Ontario’s pollution pricing system for industrial facilities met the requirements outlined at the federal level. In the near future, industries in Ontario will no longer be subject to the federal system12. Provincial Direction In November 2018, the provincial government released the Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan. The Plan aims to: protect air, land, and water; reduce litter and waste; reduce Ontario’s share of GHG emissions; and help communities prepare for climate change13. Ontario’s target for emissions reduction (30% below 2005 levels by 2030) aligns with Canada’s 2030 target. Climate-related efforts in 2019 included: creating an advisory panel for the development and implementation of climate action; finalizing emission performance standards for large industrial emitters; and, issuing green bonds ($1.7 billion) for climate-related projects such as public transit, resilient infrastructure and energy efficiency14. 8 IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. 9 Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (2019). Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved from: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/pan-canadian- framework-reports/second-annual-report/section-1.html 10 Ontario and Pollution Pricing (2019). Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved from: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/pricing-pollution-how-it-will- work/ontario.html 11 Ibid. 12 Output-Based Pricing System (2020). Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved from: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/pricing-pollution-how-it-will-work/output- based-pricing-system.html 13 Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan (2018). Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks. Retrieved from: https://www.ontario.ca/page/madein-ontario-environment-plan 14 Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan: Progress so far (2019). Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks. Retrieved from: http://files.news.ontario.ca.s3-website-us-east- 1.amazonaws.com/ene/en/learnmore/ontario_appoints_advisory_panel_on_climate_change/EnviroPlan_Report_EN.pdf Page 18 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 5 Aurora’s Environmental Commitment In the future, Aurora’s population will grow to about 70,200 by 203115. The Town needs to understand how to grow while reducing its environmental impact. Towns and cities have a role in meeting national and provincial GHG emissions reduction targets. Municipalities have direct or indirect control over 60% of Canada’s total emissions16. The CEP builds on the Town’s Strategic Plan17 (2011 – 2031). Aurora’s Strategic Plan is based on the three pillars of sustainability – environment, community, economy – and establishes a vision for Aurora as “an innovative and sustainable community where neighbours care and businesses thrive”. The Strategic Plan includes several objectives that align well with the goals of the CEP, including: • Improving transportation, mobility, and connectivity. • Promoting and advancing green initiatives. • Encouraging the stewardship of Aurora’s natural resources. Likewise, the Town’s Economic Development Strategic Plan18 (2019) includes several strategic actions that support the goals of the CEP, including: • Working with the business community and York Region to examine and implement solutions aimed at providing transportation options to allow staff to easily commute to businesses located in employment areas currently not well serviced by public transit. • Continuing to support residential intensification in the appropriate locations in the Aurora Promenade. • Examining the feasibility of providing a bike share/e-bike program to downtown Aurora. The Town of Aurora has taken several steps to promote positive environmental outcomes19, including: • Joining the Blue Dot Initiative (2016), a campaign that recognizes the right to a healthy environment20. • Developing a Corporate Environmental Action Plan (2018) and a series of progress reports, focusing on what the Town can do to protect and enhance the natural environment21. Action areas include water conservation, sustainable urban development, waste reduction and diversion, biodiversity and natural heritage, climate change and energy, and environmental awareness. • Developing an Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (2019) to reduce energy and emissions from facilities and vehicles owned by the Town22; monitoring corporate energy and emissions 15 Forecasts to 2031 are provided by the Town of Aurora. Forecasts to 2041 were sourced from York Region’s 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario and were use in the Business as Planned analysis. York Region (2015). 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario. Retrieved: https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/77c5e970-8020-4b89-a3d0- ff62c60403f1/nov+5+preferred+att+2.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 16 QUEST – Quality Urban Energy Systems of Tomorrow (2016). Community Energy Planning: The Value Proposition. Retrieved from: www.gettingtoimplementation.ca 17 2031 Strategic Plan (2012). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from: https://www.aurora.ca/en/business-and- development/resources/Policy-Planning/1AURORA---2017-TOA-REPORT-JULY_16_18.pdf 18 Town of Aurora (2019). Economic Development Strategic Plan. Retrieved from: https://investinaurora.ca/stratplan 19 Climate Change (2020). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from: https://www.aurora.ca/en/your-government/climate- change.aspx#Mayors-Energy-Challenge-Ontarios-Energy-and-Water-Reporting-and-Benchmarking-EWRB-for-Aurora- Businesses 20 About Us (2020). Blue Dot. Retrieved from: https://bluedot.ca/ 21 Corporate Environmental Action Plan (2018). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from: https://www.aurora.ca/en/your- government/resources/Environment-and-Sustainability/CEAP-Final-July-2018.pdf 22 Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (2019). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from: https://www.aurora.ca/en/your-government/resources/Environment-and-Sustainability/Aurora_ECDM_Plan_2019- 2023_FINAL_with_Appendices.pdf Page 19 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 6 annually since 2011. The Town has a goal to reduce electricity usage in its operations by 10.5%, natural gas by 9.7% and total GHG emissions by 15.9% by 2023. • Committing to building all new Town-owned facilities to LEED® standard. Aurora’s Joint Operations Centre has achieved a LEED® Gold Standard23. • Joining the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and ICLEI Canada’s Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) program24. The Town will complete three of five community milestones through the CEP. • Declaring a climate emergency, the Town deepened its commitment to reducing emissions and protecting the community from the impacts of climate change. The CEP recognizes and builds upon the benefits associated with community energy planning, the higher-level direction from all levels of government and the progress seen in Aurora to date. Members of the public, Town staff, elected officials and community stakeholders informed the direction of the CEP. Vision, Goals and Targets Vision Aurora is a leader in energy and emissions reduction, with a focus on improving quality of life in collaboration with residents, organizations, and businesses. Goals • Educate and communicate with the public about the impact of energy choices. • Encourage healthy and complete communities for residents to live, work and play. • Encourage homes and apartments to use energy consciously and increase efficiency. • Encourage local businesses and industries to use energy consciously and increase efficiency. • Increase access to clean and renewable energy in the community. • Integrate nature-based solutions in land use to capture carbon. • Support a range of low carbon transportation options that are accessible, including electric vehicles, public transit, walking and cycling. • Support the local economy. • Support waste reduction efforts at the local and regional level. Targets The Community Energy Plan outlines a path towards 80% emissions reductions from 2018 levels by 2050 to align with the federal government’s target and support the climate emergency declaration. The strategies identified below achieve a 22% reduction by 2030 from 2018 levels and a 65% reduction by 2050. While the CEP strategies are significant, they do not fully reach the 80% emission reduction target for 2050. The Town, along with community partners, should look for ways to close the gap through activities such as 23 Joint Operations Centre. Town of Aurora (2020). Retrieved from: https://www.aurora.ca/en/business-and- development/joint-operations-centre.aspx 24 Partners for Climate Protection (2020). Federation of Canadian Municipalities. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/programs/partners-climate-protection Page 20 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 7 quantification of carbon sequestration in the natural environment and evaluating emerging technologies. Future changes in federal and provincial policies may help support energy and emissions reduction at the local level. Aurora, Ontario The Town of Aurora is a fast-growing centre within the Greater Toronto Area. It is located thirty minutes north of the City of Toronto. In 2018, the population was 61,845, and employment was 28,935. By 2031, Aurora is expected to be home to 70,200. The Town offers a mix of urban amenities while maintaining a small-town lifestyle. The southeastern portion of the Town includes the Oak Ridges Moraine, an environmentally significant area. The Oak Ridges Moraine provides residents with access to green space and nature. Reference: Population and employment data from the Town of Aurora’s 2018 mid-year estimates. Page 21 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 8 Energy and Emissions in Aurora Baseline and Base Year An energy and emissions baseline informs the Community Energy Plan. Please see Appendix 1 for a more detailed explanation of the methodology, data sources and CEP’s development. Energy use in homes, businesses, industries, waste management and travel in the Town was reviewed to create a baseline for 2018. The baseline estimates the total amount of energy used, energy costs and emissions produced within the boundaries of a community in a given year as a basis for comparison going forward. The year 2018 was the most recent year for which complete data was available. The analysis allows the Town to identify opportunities to reduce energy use. Moving forward, the baseline provides a benchmark to track overall progress on energy and emissions reduction. Energy Use In 2018, the Town of Aurora’s residents and businesses used 6.8 million GJ of energy to heat and power their homes and buildings and for transportation fuel within the Town. The energy per person was 80.7 GJ, which represents $2,900 per person in annual energy costs. This is lower than the provincial and national averages of 120 GJ and 168 GJ, respectively25. Most of the community’s energy use comes from natural gas, mostly from heating homes and businesses. Electricity, natural gas and gasoline together make up almost all fuel types used in Aurora. Electricity and gasoline represent the largest cost for consumers. Figure 2: Energy use by fuel type in Aurora in 2018. Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp., Enbridge Gas Distribution, Kent Group Ltd. 25 Natural Resources Canada (2017). Comprehensive Energy Use Database, Residential Sector – Ontario. Retrieved from https://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/showTable.cfm?type=CP&sector=res&juris=on&rn=2&page=0#footn otes Electricity 24% Natural Gas 43% Gasoline 24% Wood 4% Diesel 2% Propane 2%Fuel Oil 1% Energy Use by Fuel Type (2018) Electricity Natural Gas Gasoline Wood Diesel Propane Fuel Oil Page 22 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 9 Figure 3: Energy expenditures by fuel type in Aurora in 2018. Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp., Enbridge Gas Distribution, Kent Group Ltd. Energy Costs In terms of energy dollars, the community of Aurora spent $178 million on energy in 2018 alone. On an individual basis, the average person each consumed 49 GJ of energy and spent $910 to heat and power their homes. Although residents and businesses spent $178 million on energy in 2018, most energy costs left the community. Over 80% of the money spent on energy left the local economy and ended up elsewhere in Ontario, Canada and in some cases in the United States (Figure 4). Electricity 40% Gasoline 35% Natural Gas 17% Diesel 3% Wood 2% Propane 2%Fuel Oil 1% Total Energy Cost by Fuel Type (2018) Electricity Gasoline Natural Gas Diesel Wood Propane Fuel Oil Page 23 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 10 Figure 4: Distribution of Aurora's energy dollars in 2018. Data obtained from the City of London’s Energy Expenditure Tool. For instance, 74% of electricity costs go to Ontario businesses outside of Aurora for energy generation and transmission. Likewise, 18% of natural gas costs go to Ontario businesses for distribution, while 34% go to Western Canada or the United States where it is mined and processed. 37% to 39% of prices for other petroleum fuels (gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil) go to the US for the same reason. Investing in locally generated sources of electricity, such as ground or roof-mounted solar arrays, provides an opportunity to keep energy dollars in Aurora through local employment and municipal tax revenue. GHG Emissions Overall, in 2018 the community produced over 326,000 tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent. This represents over 5 tonnes of CO2e generated per person – enough to power 1.2 homes for one year or the same as using 2100 litres of gas. Homes and other buildings (such as offices, stores, and schools) produce over half of the emissions. Travel is also a large source of emissions – the majority of which comes from personal cars, trucks and SUVs. 3% 7% 12% 17% 18% 45% 0%10%20%30%40%50% Where Aurora's Energy Costs End Up Ontario - Business Western Canada Aurora Ontario - Government Canada - Government United States Page 24 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 11 Figure 5: Greenhouse gas emissions by sector in 2018 in Aurora. Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp., Enbridge Gas Distribution, Kent Group Ltd, and the Town of Aurora. Town of Aurora Corporate Emissions In 2019, the Town released its most recent five-year Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (ECDM Plan 2019-2023). Under Ontario Regulation 507/18, public agencies, such as the Town of Aurora, are required to report on energy consumption and GHG emissions annually from Town operations (i.e., from facilities, fleet and water/ wastewater facilities) and to develop and implement an ECDM Plan. The ECDM Plan must be reported on separately to the CEP and updated every five years. No such legislative requirement exists for the development of or reporting on community energy plans. The baseline assessment completed for the CEP includes all energy uses in the Town, including those of the corporation. For consistency, both the CEP and ECDM plans use 2018 as the baseline year. The ECDM Plan includes a baseline of energy use and GHG emissions for corporate facilities. Town facilities, corporate fleet and water/wastewater facilities used 9.4 million kWh of electricity and 1.2 million cubic metres of natural gas in 201826. This represents over 3,000 tCO2e of GHG emissions per year or 1% of the community’s 2018 emissions. The largest emitters are indoor recreation facilities. The Town has a goal to reduce electricity use in its operations by 10.5%, natural gas by 9.7% and GHG emissions by 15.9% by 2023, representing a total investment of about $630,00027. The Town plans to complete energy audits, monitor electricity and natural gas use, implement energy conservation measures, implement a green fleet plan, anti-idling initiatives, and use energy management software. Moving forward, the ECDM should be viewed as the corporation’s contribution to the overall CEP. The community plan should reflect any progress made within the ECDM. 26 Town of Aurora (2019). Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update 2019-2023. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/your-government/resources/Environment-and-Sustainability/Aurora_ECDM_Plan_2019- 2023_FINAL_with_Appendices.pdf 27 Ibid. Buildings 54% Transportation 37% Waste 9% GHG Emissions by Sector (2018) Buildings Transportation Waste Page 25 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 12 Aurora’s Energy Future to 2050 The Business-as-Planned (BAP) scenario is developed to understand future energy consumption, energy costs and emissions in Aurora, assuming no action is taken to reduce energy or emissions. Increased population and employment growth will mean more houses, more businesses, more cars on the road, and more waste, and therefore greater energy consumption and emissions28. However, changes that occur outside the influence of the municipality, such as actions from higher levels of government and technology changes will also influence the energy consumption and emissions of Aurora in the future. Energy and GHG emissions for Aurora are anticipated to stay around the same level until 2050 despite the expected population growth. Energy and GHG emissions stay around the same level because of reductions from modest energy efficiency retrofits, increased energy performance of new buildings, the changing carbon content of electricity and natural gas, improved fuel economy and provincial and federal efforts. However, these actions alone are not enough to achieve an 80% reduction from 2018 levels by 2050. Action is needed at the community level to further reduce emissions. Figure 6: Projected greenhouse gas emissions to 2050 under the Business-as-Planned scenario in Aurora. Calculated from data provided by the Town of Aurora for population and employment growth projections. The BAP also includes a forecast of energy expenditures by Aurora residents and businesses. The Canada Energy Regulator projects what the energy prices look like in the future, under two scenarios, a “high cost” future where energy prices increase considerably, and a “low cost” future where energy prices increase by a 28 Population and employment forecasts to 2031 were provided by the Town of Aurora and forecasts to 2041 were sourced from York Region’s 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario where utilized in the Business as Planned analysis, which were the most up-to-date at the time of analysis. York Region (2015). 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario. Retrieved: https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/77c5e970-8020-4b89-a3d0- ff62c60403f1/nov+5+preferred+att+2.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2018 2031 2041 2050Tonnes of CO2e (thousands) Projected GHGs in Aurora to 2050 Waste Transporation Stationary Energy Provincial/Federal Target Page 26 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 13 smaller amount or decrease, depending on the fuel type and sector. Energy costs for Aurora are expected to rise in the future, creating further motivation for action. Under the high-cost scenario, energy costs increase by 20%, 22% and 24% to 2031, 2041, and 2050, respectively, from the 2018 baseline (Figure 7, Table 1). Under the low-cost scenario, energy costs decrease by 1% by 2030 but then increase by 1% and 2% by 2041 and 2050, respectively. (Figure 7, Table 2). Cost projections are tied to the price of energy for each fuel source in the BAP analysis. Table 1: 2018 energy expenditures and projected expenditures in 2031, 2041, and 2050 under the Canada Energy Regulator’s high-cost scenario. Sector 2018 costs $ 2031 costs $ 2041 costs $ 2050 costs $ Stationary Energy $112,369,223 $149,298,432 $152,201,661 $150,461,916 Transportation $65,246,489 $62,511,646 $68,179,989 $75,418,401 Total $177,615,713 $211,810,078 $220,381,650 $225,880,317 Table 2: 2018 energy expenditures and projected expenditures in 2031, 2041, and 2050 under the Canada Energy Regulator’s low-cost scenario. Sector 2018 costs $ 2031 costs $ 2041 costs $ 2050 costs $ Stationary Energy $112,369,223 $132,368,298 $138,737,709 $137,204,618 Transportation $65,246,489 $40,329,738 $43,361,944 $47,965,518 Total $177,615,713 $172,698,036 $182,099,653 $185,170,136 Figure 7. Projection of energy expenditures under a business-as-planned scenario, under the Canada Energy Regulator’s low and high-cost scenario. Page 27 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 14 Energy and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies The CEP identifies a series of strategies to reduce energy consumption across the Aurora community. There are strategies for homes, businesses and institutions, industry, district energy, travel, waste, renewable energy, land use and carbon sequestration. This section includes a snapshot of the current energy use, GHG emissions and costs, before defining the strategy. Each strategy includes: • a description of the strategy • a target participation rate to indicate the scale of implementation needed to achieve the emissions reductions • an estimate of the potential energy and GHG emissions reductions • an estimate of the energy cost savings • a relative scale cost29 to implement the strategy The relative scale values are organized under the following categories: o N/A - Cost is covered by existing Town staff capacity or operating budgets o Low Cost - $ ($0-$100,000) o Medium Cost - $$ ($100,000 - $500,000) o High Cost - $$$ ($500,000+) • the timeframe identified as short-, medium-, or long-term as follows: o short: 2 years o med: 2-5 years o long: 5+ years The following strategies focus on community emissions - those generated by homes, businesses, and transportation. Strategies to reduce emissions generated by the Town of Aurora’s municipal operations are in the Town’s Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (ECDM). The Town is encouraged to align its ECDM goals with the Community Energy Plan. ECDM goals and progress will need to be accelerated to meet the targets set out in the CEP, despite a delayed start in implementation. 29 This provides a broad range of costs for implementation of the strategy in full. Detailed costing of the strategies has not been included at this time. Detailed costing for the strategies will occur during the business and budget planning processes of each strategy. Page 28 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 15 Homes Context As shown below, most (82%) homes in Aurora are single detached homes. New home construction continues to grow as the Town issued nearly 300 residential building permits in 201830. It is anticipated that new homes in 2019-2031 will be a mix of single and semi-detached homes (40%), townhouses and duplexes (22%) and apartments (38%). The proportion of higher density growth is projected to increase over time3132. Heating, cooling, and lighting of homes require significant energy use. The age and size of the home, the local climate, fuel costs, and the number of occupants all impact a household’s total energy use. Space heating (62%), water heating (20%) and appliances (12%) consume the most energy in homes33. According to Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)34, single detached homes and older homes use the most energy. Table 3 below shows the average energy use of typical homes in 2017. Table 3: Average energy use and energy intensity of homes by type in 2017 based on data from the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation. Housing type Average household energy use (GJ) 35 Average energy intensity (GJ/m2) 36 Single-detached homes 126 0.62 Single attached homes (townhouses, duplexes, etc.) 90 0.70 Apartments 57 0.56 In general, newer dwellings are more energy-efficient than older ones. According to Natural Resources Canada, homes built in 2017 used an average of 102 GJ (0.66 GJ/m2). Homes built during 1990 and 2000 used 145 GJ (1.11 GJ/m2) and 130 GJ (0.93 GJ/m2)37. Increases in energy efficiency are largely due to improved building practices and building codes, despite increases in the average size of homes38. The 2017 30 Growth and Development Review (2018). York Region. Retrieved from https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/bd00aa9c-745d-4a54-86f6- 3a70d2298cea/19047_gdr2018accessible.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mLVOz4X 31 Watson & Associates Economists Ltd (2019). Development Charges Background Study: Town of Aurora. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/TownHall/Documents/Building%20Division/Draft%202019%20Aurora%20DC%20Background%20S tudy%20and%20By-Law.pdf 32 Growth and Development Review (2018). York Region. Retrieved from https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/bd00aa9c-745d-4a54-86f6- 3a70d2298cea/19047_gdr2018accessible.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mLVOz4X 33 Natural Resources Canada (2017). Comprehensive Energy Use Database, Residential Sector – Ontario. Retrieved from https://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/showTable.cfm?type=CP&sector=res&juris=on&rn=2&page=0#footn otes 34 Ibid. 35 Ibid. 36 Ibid. 37 Ibid. 38 Statistics Canada (2011). Households and the Environment: Energy Use. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/11-526-S Page 29 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 16 Ontario Building Code update includes a 15% increase in energy efficiency over 2012 requirements39. Most of Aurora’s housing stock is relatively new, single-family homes, with over 80% of homes being built after 1980. Figure 8: Type of residential dwellings in 2018 based on data from the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation (MPAC). Figure 9: Age of residential homes in 2018 based on data from the MPAC. 39 Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (2016). Supplementary Standard SB-12 “Energy Efficiency for Housing”. Retrieved from http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page15256.aspx Single Family Dwelling 77% Duplex Row/Townhouse 6% Multi-Unit Residential Dwelling 17% Residential Building Types (2018) Single Family Dwelling Duplex Row/Townhouse Multi-Unit Residential Dwelling Pre 1960 9% 1960-1979 13% 1980-1999 42% 2000 and after 36% Age of Residential Buildings (2018) Pre 1960 1960-1979 1980-1999 2000 and after Page 30 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 17 Table 4: Housing types and sizes in Aurora 2018 based on data from MPAC. Construction Period Number of units Percent (%) of total units Average GFA (square metres) Average Number of Stories Pre 1960 1,606 9% 140 1.3 1960-1979 2,350 13% 160 1.6 1980-1999 7,529 42% 211 1.9 2000 and after 6,536 36% 222 1.9 Energy, Emissions and Costs Homes are responsible for 45% of all energy use and 37% of total emissions. Natural gas accounts for 67% of total energy consumed and 86% of emissions from homes in 2018. New homes (those built after 2018) are projected to account for 5% of energy and 4% of emissions by 2030 without local action. These values increase to 9% of energy and 7% of emissions by 2050. Existing homes are projected to account for 40% of energy and 35% of emissions by 2030. Existing buildings will account for 32% of energy and 27% of emissions by 2050. In 2018, residential energy costs were nearly $56.5 million. Figure 10: Total energy consumption by energy type in residential buildings in 2018 Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp and Enbridge Gas Distribution. Electricity 21% Natural Gas 67% Propane 2% Fuel Oil 2% Wood 8% Energy Consumption by Energy Type in Residential Buildings (2018) Electricity Natural Gas Propane Fuel Oil Wood Page 31 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 18 Figure 11: Total greenhouse gas emissions by energy type in residential buildings in 2018 Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp and Enbridge Gas Distribution. In 2018, the average resident consumed 49 GJ of energy and spent about $910 to heat and power their homes. This costs households – about $3,000 per year, which is slightly higher than other York Region municipalities. Energy costs tend to place the highest burden on those who can least afford it. Canada’s stock of social and rental housing tends to be less efficient and older40. Nationally, individuals living in older homes (built-in or before 2005) can spend about $300 more per year on utility bills41. As such, low and moderate- income households must often spend a larger proportion of their income on energy42. 40 Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap 41 Ibid. 42 Ibid. Electricity 3% Natural Gas 86% Propane 3% Fuel Oil 4% Wood 4% GHG Emissions by Energy Type in Residential Buildings (2018) Electricity Natural Gas Propane Fuel Oil Wood Page 32 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 19 Energy Mapping: Homes Energy maps help to better understand the energy use patterns of Aurora’s homes. The residential energy maps help to identify areas where energy consumption can be reduced. The maps also show potential areas to target home energy efficiency programs. Appendix 1 provides more details on the energy mapping process. Figure 12 shows the total residential energy use at the traffic zone43 level. Darker shades of red indicate higher energy use in an area. Zones 2569 and 2553 have the highest total residential energy use. Zone 2569 is in the northeast of the Wellington Street East – Bayview Avenue intersection. It is primarily low-medium density residential with pockets of medium-high residential. The concentration of low-medium density residential in this area (likely single-family and semi-detached) may explain the high energy use in this area. Zone 2553 is in the west section of the Town between Henderson Drive and Wellington Street West. It is comprised of single- detached and estate homes (low-density residential areas). Again, the concentration of single-family and larger homes may explain the high energy use in this residential area. Figure 13 shows total GHG emissions by residential area. Zones 2569 and 2553 also have higher levels of GHG emissions than surrounding areas. 43 Sections of the Town are divided into manageable sizes for analysis. These sections are known as traffic zones. Traffic zones align with other planning exercises at the Town level. Page 33 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 20 Figure 12 Map displaying the total residential energy use at the traffic zone level Page 34 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 21 Figure 13 Map displaying the total GHG emissions by residential area Page 35 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 22 Strategy #1: New Residential Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency Description: Design and implement a tiered code/green standard that encourages higher energy efficiency. • Consider adopting a regional ‘net-zero standard by 2030’ building code. A local example is the Toronto Green Standard (TGS) Version 3. The TGS outlines four tiers to near-zero energy and emissions in new construction by 2030 or sooner. The code includes absolute performance targets for Total Energy Use, Thermal Energy Demand, and GHG Intensity. It also includes prescriptive measures for MURBs (multi-use residential buildings) and commercial buildings. Other municipalities have adopted the TGS approach to residential buildings. • Require new residential buildings to be net-zero ready by 2036 (a five-year lag from the TGS). • Explore the passive house standard. • Include standards for the use of air-sourced heat pumps and/or other low-carbon technologies as they become available. • Include prescriptive measures to address the readiness for solar installation on roofs, connection to district energy (if applicable), and electric vehicle charging. • Encourage development design that maximizes solar access in the Official Plan. As part of the designing the green standard: • Consult with stakeholders (building inspectors, developers, builders, and building trades) to develop the standard. • Review building permit processing for potential areas to streamline. • Consider developing a points-based checklist for developers so they can show how they have included energy efficiency or sustainability measures in new buildings. Measures can include high-efficiency building envelope, heating and cooling, high-efficiency lighting, windows/doors, drain heat recovery, solar domestic hot water, efficient electrical equipment, solar-ready design, electric vehicle chargers, heat pumps, etc. • Determine financial and/or non-financial incentives that could include: o expedited permitting, reduced development charges, etc. for developers. o offering equity-based incentives to low and moderate-income households and small businesses so that they may access efficient building spaces. Following green building requirements (such as a tiered code) may result in higher construction costs. These higher development prices end up costing consumers. • Monitor updates in the provincial and national building and energy codes. These may guide the adoption of a tiered building code. Target Participation Rate • By 2036, all newly constructed buildings are net-zero ready. This equates to an improvement of 80% over the Ontario Building Code’s (OBC) 2017 energy efficiency requirements but is like planned updates of a 13% efficiency increase every five years44. • By 2050, buildings are net-zero and 90% better than the 2017 OBC. 44 Environmental Commissioner of Ontario. Conservation: Let ́s Get Serious Annual Energy Conservation Progress Report – 2015/2016. Retrieved from: http://docs.assets.eco.on.ca/reports/energy/2015- 2016/ECO_Conservation_Lets_Get_Serious.pdf Page 36 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 23 Heat Pumps • By 2030: heat pumps provide space heating to 20% of new homes. • By 2050: heat pumps provide space heating to 40% of new homes. • Equates to installing 228 heat pumps per year in new builds. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 120,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 500,000 GJ is reduced per year by 2050. More efficient buildings and heating systems reduce energy use. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Energy Cost $2.3 million saved per year by 2030. $10 million saved per year by 2050. Cost savings are associated with energy and thermal efficiency only and do not include heat pumps. Emissions 5,000 tCO2e reduced per year by 2030. 20,000 tCO2e reduced per year by 2050. More efficient buildings and heating systems reduce emissions. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs Low Timeframe to Implementation Short-term to develop a green standard. Strategy #2: Existing Residential Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency Description: Design a voluntary deep retrofit program that offers a holistic approach to energy efficiency for homes. • Design the retrofit program to address the most common high energy uses in the home. High energy uses include space heating, insulation, appliances, water heating, windows, etc. The program could include solar PV/thermal, use of air source heat pumps, where appropriate. • Apply for funding to develop the detailed business plan (such as recently announced the FCM’s Community Efficiency Financing). • Other neighbouring municipalities are exploring deep retrofit programs. Consider working with neighbouring municipalities, utilities or other partners to adapt, co-design or deliver the program. As part of developing the detailed business plan and program design: • Identify a lead department/team or partner to administer the program. • Identify financial model and funding sources for home retrofits. Funding could be from a third-party partner or the Town. • Identify auditing requirements (based on NRCan's EnerGuide Energy Efficiency Home Evaluation) and eligible retrofit activities. Page 37 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 24 • Identify targeted building types includes single-family homes, townhouses or row houses, and multi-unit residential buildings. The Toronto Atmospheric Fund has designed the Towerwise program to fund and retrofit high-rise MURBs. Towerwise works with Energy Savings Performance Agreements)45. • Identify target neighbourhoods to prioritize first, starting with older (e.g., built before 1980) and less efficient homes. Locations may also target retrofits for affordable housing to promote equity and reduced utility costs for residents. • Develop a financing package for home retrofits, that considers using Local Improvement Charges (LIC) also known as Property-Assessed Clean Energy (PACE). Under these models, the interested homeowner and Town would agree to apply the loan, via the LIC, to their property tax bill. They would pay it back over an agreed-upon period with a fixed interest rate. The balance is attached to the property rather than the individual since it is paid through the property tax bill. With the sale of the property, the new owner will continue to pay off the bill. These new owners would receive the benefits of energy-efficient retrofits. o LIC programs are not always accessible to low-income homeowners and low-income renters. The housing market often excludes marginalized populations46. The program design process should consider additional monetary incentives for low and moderate-income homeowners and residential landlords to participate47. • Consider creating a centralized location - ‘Retrofit Delivery Concierge’ - for buildings owners to access information about deep energy retrofits. The concierge offers guidance through stages of planning, financing, procurement, construction, quality assurance, and evaluation. The concierge supported access to available grants, incentives, and financing. This approach has been successful in other areas with a hub for sharing information and collaboration. Target Participation Rate • Retrofit approximately 3% of buildings, or 535 units, each year starting in 2023. • By 2030: Retrofit 45% of all residential buildings and multi-unit residential buildings built before 1980, and 20% of all residential buildings built between 1980 and 2000. o A 35% increase in efficiency for older, less efficient homes. Target older homes first. • Between 2031 and 2050, retrofit 80% of the remaining residential building stock that existed in 2018. o A 20-30% increase in efficiency for younger, more efficient buildings. • The average energy efficiency improvement across all retrofits is 30% from the 2018 baseline. 45 Energy performance agreements provide capital for energy improvement projects that are paid back through utility savings. 46 Clean Air Partnership (2020). Accelerating Home Energy Efficiency Retrofits through Local Improvement Charge Programs: A Toolkit for Municipalities. Retrieved from: https://www.cleanairpartnership.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/05/FINAL-LIC-TOOLKIT-Accelerating-Home-Energy-Efficiency-Retrofits-Through-LIC-Programs- 2020-1.pdf 47 Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap Page 38 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 25 Heat Pumps • By 2030: heat pumps provide space heating to 20% of retrofitted buildings. • By 2050: heat pumps provide space heating to 40% of retrofitted buildings. • Equates to installing 552 heat pumps per year. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 135,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 210,000 GJ reduced per year by 2050. More efficient buildings and heating systems reduce energy use. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Energy Cost $2.6 million saved per year by 2030. $4.3 million saved per year by 2050. Cost savings are associated with energy and thermal efficiency only and do not include heat pumps. Emissions 18,900 tCO2e reduced per year by 2030. 25,500 tCO2e reduced per year by 2050. Emissions are reduced through more efficient buildings and heating systems. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs Medium to High Timeframe to Implementation Short-term to develop a business case, program design and funding model. Page 39 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 26 Businesses & Institutions Context Aurora is a growing community. It is home to over 1,700 businesses, including major industries and head offices. The Town is poised for economic growth with a supply of employment lands and a new business park. Two of York Region’s highest value commercial building permits were in Aurora48. Major private-sector employers include Desjardins Insurance, TC Transcontinental Printing, Magna and St. Andrew’s College. Major public sector employers include York Catholic District School Board, York Region District School Board, the Town of Aurora, and York Regional Police49. Small businesses of less than 20 people make up an important part of the local economy. According to the recent Economic Development Strategic Plan, emerging sectors include management, healthcare and social assistance, and professional, scientific, and technical services50. Research from the Canadian Green Business Council highlights several benefits of green buildings. Many of which may benefit building owners and developers, even though they may not be responsible for paying utility bills. Benefits may include higher overall return on investment, higher occupancy rates, higher rental rates and higher building value at the point of sale. Commercial tenants in “green” buildings report several benefits. Reported benefits include an improved corporate image, progress towards sustainability goals and improved employee satisfaction and engagement51. Energy, Emissions and Costs Businesses and institutions account for 16% of total energy and 14% of emissions. Between 2019 and 2031, commercial buildings are projected to grow by 25%. Institutional buildings are expected to grow by 7%52. New commercial and institutional buildings are projected to account for 1.7% of energy and 2% of emissions by 2030, and 3.3% of energy and 3% of emissions by 2050. Natural gas accounts for 76% of total energy consumed and 89% of emissions from commercial and institutional buildings in 2018. Existing commercial and institutional buildings are projected to account for 14% of energy and 13% of emissions by 2030, and 12% of energy and 11% of emissions by 2050. In 2018, commercial and institutional energy costs were over $18 million. 48 Growth and Development Review (2018). York Region. Retrieved from https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/bd00aa9c-745d-4a54-86f6- 3a70d2298cea/19047_gdr2018accessible.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=mLVOz4X 49 Invest in Aurora (2020). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from https://investinaurora.ca 50 Ibid. 51Canada Green Building Trends Report (2014). Canada Green Building Council. Retrieved from: https://www.cagbc.org/cagbcdocs/resources/CaGBC%20McGraw%20Hill%20Cdn%20Market%20Study.pdf 52 Watson & Associates Economists Ltd (2019). Development Charges Background Study. Town of Aurora. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/TownHall/Documents/Building%20Division/Draft%202019%20Aurora%20DC%20Background%20S tudy%20and%20By-Law.pdf Page 40 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 27 Figure 14: Total energy consumption by energy type in commercial and institutional buildings in 2018 Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp and Enbridge Gas Distribution. Figure 15: Total GHG emissions by energy type in commercial and institutional buildings in 2018 Calculated from data provided by Alectra Utilities Corp and Enbridge Gas Distribution. Electricity 19% Natural Gas 76% Propane 4% Light Fuel Oil 1% Energy Consumption by Energy Type in Commercial and Institutional Buildings (2018) Electricity Natural Gas Propane Electricity 2% Natural Gas 89% Propane 7% Light Fuel Oil 2% GHG Emissions by Energy Type in Commercial and Institutional Buildings (2018) Electricity Natural Gas Propane Light Fuel Oil Page 41 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 28 Business and institutional energy use per person in Aurora (17 GJ) is like the averages in Ontario (30 GJ) and Canada (28 GJ)53. Commercial and institutional buildings in Aurora use about the same level of energy on a per square metre basis, 1.5 GJ/m2 as the provincial and federal averages of 1.4 GJ/m2 and 1.3 GJ/m2 respectively54. Business and institutional buildings use most of their energy for space heating (58%), equipment (13%) and lighting (13%)55. Retail trade, educational services and finance and insurance (excluding manufacturing) sectors employ the largest number of people within the Town56. In general, energy use in these buildings is typical of other business and institutional buildings57. Energy Mapping: Businesses & Institutions Figure 16 shows the total energy use for non-residential buildings (commercial, institutional, and industrial) at the traffic zone level. Traffic zones 2562, 2559, 2571, 2572 and 2560 have the highest energy use. Lands to the west of Leslie Street and north of Eric T. Smith Way (2571, 2572) represent the Town’s Business Park. Lands located roughly between the GO Transit rail line, Industrial Parkway South and Bayview Avenue (2560, 2559, 2562, 2561) are comprised of industrial services, commercial and the Aurora Promenade (mixed-use downtown area). 53 Natural Resources Canada (2017). Comprehensive Energy Use Database, Commercial/Institutional Sector - Ontario. Retrieved from https://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/menus/trends/comprehensive/trends_com_on.cfm 54 Ibid. 55 Ibid. 56 Watson & Associates Economists Ltd (2019). Development Charges Background Study. Town of Aurora. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/TownHall/Documents/Building%20Division/Draft%202019%20Aurora%20DC%20Background%20S tudy%20and%20By-Law.pdf 57 Natural Resources Canada (2017). Comprehensive Energy Use Database, Commercial/Institutional Sector - Ontario. Retrieved from https://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/menus/trends/comprehensive/trends_com_on.cfm Page 42 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 29 Figure 16 Map that displays total energy consumption for non-residential buildings (commercial, institutional, and industrial) Page 43 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 30 Strategy #3: New Commercial Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency Description: Design and implement a tiered code green standard that encourages higher energy efficiency in new businesses and institutional buildings. • Consider adapting regional ‘net-zero standard by 2030’ building code. A local example is the Toronto Green Standard Version 3 (TGS). The TGS presents four tiers to net-zero energy and emissions in new buildings by 2030. • Include in building step-code standards for the use of air-sourced heat pumps. Standards can include other low-carbon technologies as they become available. • Include measures for low-carbon heating and energy systems, such as air source heat pumps. As part of the designing the green standard: • Consult with stakeholders (building inspectors, developers, builders, and building trades). • Review building permit processing for potential areas to streamline. • Consider developing a points-based checklist for developers that outlines how they have included energy efficiency measures in new buildings. Measures might include efficient lighting, windows/doors, solar hot water, efficient electrical equipment, solar-ready design, electric vehicle chargers, etc. • Determine financial or non-financial incentives to increase participation, such as: o Offering expedited permitting or reduced development charges for developers. o Promoting existing incentive programs to encourage the adoption of high-efficiency appliances and equipment. • Offering equity-based incentives to small businesses so that they may access efficient commercial space58. Following green building requirements may result in higher construction costs. Higher development prices may be passed on to consumers. Target Participation Rate Adopt the City of Toronto’s energy efficiency building requirements from the TGS. Include a five-year lag, achieving net-zero buildings in 2036. The average energy use intensity, for mid-rise, office, retail and mixed- use buildings is: • 2022: 170 kWh/m2/year • 2026: 129 kWh/m2/year • 2030: 98 kWh/m2/year • 2036: 70 kWh/m2/year 58 Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap Page 44 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 31 Heat Pumps • By 2030: heat pumps provide space heating to 20% of new commercial buildings. • By 2050: heat pumps provide space heating to 40% of new commercial buildings. • Equates to installing 50 heat pumps per year. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 75,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 145,000 GJ reduced per year by 2050. Energy use is reduced through more efficient buildings and heating systems. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Energy Cost $1.4 million saved per year by 2030. $2.8 million saved per year by 2050. Cost savings are associated with energy and thermal efficiency only and do not include heat pumps. Emissions 3,400 tCO2e reduced per year by 2030. 7,000 tCO2e reduced per year by 2050. Emissions are reduced through more efficient buildings and heating systems. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs See Strategy 1. Timeframe to Implementation Short-term to develop a green standard. Page 45 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 32 Strategy #4: Existing Commercial Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency Description: Design a voluntary deep retrofit program that offers a holistic approach to energy efficiency for businesses and institutions. • Design the retrofit program to address the most common high energy uses in businesses and institutions. High energy uses include space heating, insulation, water heating, windows, etc. The program could include solar PV/thermal, use of air source heat pumps, where appropriate. • As identified in the residential retrofit strategy (Strategy 2), consider working with neighbouring municipalities, utilities or other partners to co-design or deliver the program. • Continue to implement Ontario’s Energy and Water Reporting and Benchmarking (EWRB) initiative with ClimateWise. Encourage businesses to participate through the Mayor’s Energy Challenge59. As part of developing the detailed business plan and program design: • Identify a lead department/team or partner to administer the program. • Identify target areas to prioritize first. Start with existing commercial areas and business parks. • Identify financial model and funding sources for commercial retrofit loans. Funding could be from a third-party partner or the Town. • Develop a financing package for retrofits that considers using a LIC like the residential retrofit program. Small business owners may lack the capital, knowledge, and capacity to pursue building retrofits. Consider providing monetary incentives for small businesses (or their landlords) to participate in retrofit programs60. • Offer energy efficiency audits as part of the program. • Tailor the program to specific targeted building types (commercial, institutional) and different sectors (offices, retails, restaurants, etc.). Target Participation Rate • Retrofit approximately 3% of buildings each year. • By 2030: Retrofit 45% of all commercial, institutional, and multi-unit residential buildings built before 1980. Focus on older, least efficient buildings first. o Energy efficiency improves by 30% from the 2018 baseline, as older, less efficient buildings are retrofitted. • By 2050: Retrofit 80% of the remaining buildings that existed in 2018. Focus first on older, least efficient buildings. o Energy efficiency improves by 20-25% from the 2018 baseline, as younger, more efficient buildings are being retrofitted and improvements are less substantial. 59 Town of Aurora (2020). Mayor’s Energy Challenge. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/your- government/mayor-s-energy-challenge.aspx 60 Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap Page 46 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 33 • The average energy efficiency improvement across all commercial retrofits is 26% from the 2018 baseline. Heat Pumps • By 2030: heat pumps provide space heating to 20% of retrofitted buildings. • By 2050: heat pumps provide space heating to 40% of retrofitted buildings. • Equates to installing 120 heat pumps per year. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 62,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 74,000 GJ reduced per year by 2050. More efficient buildings and heating systems reduce energy use. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Energy Cost $1.1 million saved per year by 2030. $1.4 million saved per year by 2050. Cost savings are associated with energy and thermal efficiency only and do not include heat pumps. Emissions 8,500 tCO2e reduced per year by 2030. 11,500 tCO2e reduced per year by 2050. More efficient buildings and heating systems reduce emissions. There is an increase in efficiency over standard gas furnaces and electric baseboard heating when using heat pumps. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs See Strategy 2. Timeframe to Implementation Short-term to develop the retrofit program business case, design and financing model. Page 47 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 34 Strategy #5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning Description: Develop and implement a commissioning and recommissioning program for businesses, institutions and apartment buildings. • Recommissioning assesses a building’s equipment and operating/maintenance systems. This normally occurs after it has been operating for some time. Work is then completed to optimize performance. All buildings should aim to be recommissioned every three to five years. Encourage targeted technology upgrades at the end of the lifecycle. • Design or adopt a program that encourages recommissioning. • Consider requiring buildings to be commissioned/recommissioned before the time of sale. • Consider including commissioning/recommissioning in a voluntary deep retrofit program. • Consider requiring building owners to submit a commissioning/ recommissioning plan. The plan would be submitted with building permit applications and/or during the retrofit program. Target Participation Rate • Assume all new buildings are commissioned and reach peak performance levels. • Recommission roughly 5% of existing buildings each year. Reach energy savings of up to 16%. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use • 25,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 5,200 GJ reduced per year by 2050. Energy Cost • $575,000 saved per year by 2030. $160,000 saved per year by 2050. Emissions • 900 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 170 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050 Relative Scale of Implementation Costs • Low Timeframe to Implementation • Ongoing. Page 48 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 35 Industry Context Aurora is home to many industrial manufacturers. Examples include Magna International, Kirchhoff Automotive, Genpak LP, Axiom Group, Bunn-O-Matic and Sinclair Technologies. Several are involved in motor vehicle part manufacturing61. Between 2019 and 2031, industrial buildings are projected to grow by 68%.62 Energy, Emissions and Costs Industrial buildings and facilities are responsible for 13% of total energy and 3% of total emissions. Industry energy use accounts for 19% and 20% of energy consumption in 2030 and 2050, respectively. This represents 7% of emissions by both 2030 and 2050. On a per-person basis, industrial energy use in Aurora (14 GJ). This is less than the averages for Ontario (52 GJ) and Canada (97 GJ)63. In 2018, Aurora’s industrial energy costs were nearly $37.5 million. Strategy #6: New & Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency Description: Facilitate energy efficiency improvements in industrial buildings. • Encourage the use of energy management systems to support energy savings. This includes promoting and leveraging existing programs and funding streams. Examples of energy management systems include: o ENERGY STAR: provides an approach to develop energy management programs. ENERGY STAR uses energy best practices and benchmarking tools. o ISO 50001: an internationally recognized standard. ISO 50001 provides a framework to implement energy management systems. It also provides a framework for continuous energy improvements for industry. • Superior Energy Performance: builds on the ISO 50001 standard. Requires improvement targets and third-party confirmation of results. • Encourage the adoption of combined heat and power systems at larger facilities. Promote and leverage existing capacity-building programs and funding streams. • Support knowledge exchange and capacity building through existing best practice networks for industry. Target Participation Rate • Annual improvement of 3% in energy efficiency across all industries in Aurora. This is a direct result of energy management systems. 61 Invest in Aurora (2020). Town of Aurora. Retrieved from https://investinaurora.ca 62 Watson & Associates Economists Ltd (2019). Development Charges Background Study. Town of Aurora. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/TownHall/Documents/Building%20Division/Draft%202019%20Aurora%20DC%20Background%20S tudy%20and%20By-Law.pdf 63 Natural Resources Canada (2017). Comprehensive Energy Use Database, Industrial Sector - Ontario. Retrieved from https://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/menus/trends/comprehensive/trends_agg_on.cfm Page 49 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 36 Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 185,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 600,000 GJ is reduced per year by 2050. Energy Cost $7.9 million saved per year by 2030. $27.4 million saved per year by 2050. Emissions 2,600 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 9,200 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs Low Timeframe to Implementation Ongoing, beginning in the medium-term. District Energy Context District energy systems (DES) use pipes to supply heating, cooling and/or power to multiple connected buildings. Buildings that produce excess energy (“anchor tenants”) can redistribute the energy to nearby buildings. The use of a DES can lead to increased efficiencies and reliability. At the same time decrease operating costs and emissions. This is particularly true if a low-carbon (i.e., electricity) or renewable fuel is used64. The City of Markham has two DES within its borders. These are owned and operated by Markham District Energy - a City-owned utility. The first DES services seven million square feet of building space within Markham’s downtown core. The second services one million square feet surrounding the Markham Stouffville Hospital (as the anchor tenant)65. A district geothermal system is being proposed for a 300-home development in Markham66. According to Markham District Energy, the City’s efficient DES avoided the use of over 6.2 million cubic metres of natural gas in 2017. This is the same as the amount of natural gas used by 2,500 homes in Markham67. At present, no district energy infrastructure exists in the Town. 64 Natural Resources Canada (2003). Community Energy Systems. Retrieved from https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/canmetenergy/files/pubs/Community%2BEnergy%2BSystems.pdf 65 Markham District Energy (2020). Markham District Energy Facts. Retrieved from https://www.markhamdistrictenergy.com/ 66 Lee-Shanok, P. (2018). Markham community will use geothermal in all its homes, but some critics aren't hot on it. CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/geothermal-community-planned-in-markham-first-of-kind- in-canada-1.4909905 67 Markham District Energy (2020). Markham District Energy Facts. Retrieved from https://www.markhamdistrictenergy.com/ Page 50 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 37 Strategy #7: District Energy System Feasibility (DES) Description: Conduct a feasibility study for implementing a low-carbon fuel district energy system. • Explore both new and existing developments. • Investigate Aurora’s Industrial Parkway area as a potential DES retrofit location. • In general, a DES is more favourable in areas with: o High development and heating needs. o A stable and reliable energy demand. o A mix of building types, including anchor client(s) which provide a consistent energy demand. The feasibility of district energy is improved by: • A favourable financial return on investment to the project owner. • A favourable cost-saving opportunity to end clients. • Policy support that actively encourages DES development and uptake. As part of the feasibility study: • Review zoning regulations to encourage density and energy requirements favourable to DES. • Consider mandating DES-readiness for buildings in new developments. • Examine the feasibility of including DES in future affordable housing developments with Housing York. Target Participation Rate • Greenfield developments: 10% of the residential sector ground floor area (GFA). 50% of the non- residential sector GFA by 2050. • Existing developments: 25% of non-residential sector GFA and multi-residential buildings by 2050. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 91,000 GJ annual reduction from completion to 2050 (includes new builds). Emissions 4,600 tCO2e avoided per year from completion to 2050. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs High Timeframe to Implementation Short-term to conduct a feasibility study. Page 51 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 38 Travel Context Most trips made by residents of Aurora were in a car. Of all trips in 2016, 72% were made as a driver and 15% as a passenger. Local transit and GO Transit accounted for 3% each of the total trips. Walking and cycling accounted for 5% of overall trips68. Of Aurora’s 18,900 households in 2016, more than two-thirds had two or more vehicles. The average household made six trips per day69. It is estimated that, by 2021, there will be over 58,000 daily inter-regional trips between Aurora (and Newmarket). The majority of these will be to Richmond Hill, Markham, and Vaughan70. High demand for internal trips (within Aurora) is projected, presenting an opportunity for transit growth71. There is an opportunity to explore sustainable travel options and shifting away from single occupancy, gasoline-powered vehicles. 68 Malatest (2018). Transportation Tomorrow Survey 2016: Regional Municipality of York. http://dmg.utoronto.ca/transportation-tomorrow-survey/tts-reports 69 Ibid. 70 York Region Transit (2016). Moving to 2020: YRT/VIVA 2016-2020 Strategic Plan. Retrieved from https://www.yrt.ca/en/about-us/resources/YRT_5YSP_2016-2020-web.pdf 71 Ibid. Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, travel patterns have changed. Travel patterns have changed to accommodate for social distancing and in response to work-from-home directives. As municipalities re- open, it will be important to ensure safe public travel. This may include “rebalancing streets” to accommodate more space for active travel alongside cars. Providing additional space for these modes of travel will support Aurora’s emission targets. These forms of transportation also benefit the health and wellbeing of residents. Public transit has been impacted by the global pandemic. A report on public transit in Toronto showed that 25% of participants who used transit switched to single-occupancy vehicles. Another 8% switched to active travel. Based on the different stages of re-opening, only 5% of respondents said they would return to transit during stage 1. That number increased to 63% for stage 3. The current situation provides a unique chance for the Town of Aurora to invest in active travel infrastructure sooner. Municipalities across the country are doing this by increasing their cycling networks. References: FCM (2020). COVID-19 Street Rebalancing Guide. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/covid-19-street- rebalancing-guide CBC News (2020). Public transit will be critical to Toronto's COVID-19 recovery, but will it be safe for riders? Retrieved from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-transit-recovery-covid19-1.5578487 The Globe and Mail (2020). Coronavirus is reshaping the way we get around cities. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/drive/mobility/article-coronavirus-is-reshaping-the-way-we-get-around-cities/ Page 52 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 39 In 2020, Town staff presented findings from the Transportation Master Plan (TMP)72. The TMP recommends developing policies and programs to encourage non-automobile travel within and surrounding the Town. The TMP recommends operational improvements to traffic signal timing, parking, and sidewalks. The TMP recommends the development of a separate Town-wide Active Transportation Master Plan. This is subject to funding in the 2021 capital budget process. Finally, the TMP recommends implementing the recommendations proposed within the 2011 Trails Master Plan73. Recommendations include new facilities, trail alignments, grade-separated trail crossings and new linkages. Aurora is also subject to York Region’s Transportation Master Plan. Last updated in 2016, the plan’s objectives include: improving the interconnectivity of the regional transit system, developing a road network that supports all transportation modes, integrating active transportation in urban areas, and addressing “last mile” challenges74. An update of the TMP has recently been initiated. The Town will need to work closely with regional partners to realize better transportation outcomes for the community. Using active modes of travel (such as cycling, walking or rolling) promotes physical activity, improved air quality and mental health. In 2013, Aurora was the first York Region municipality to introduce a School Travel Planning Policy. The policy encourages students to choose active travel methods75. Aurora is home to 62 kilometres of multi-purpose trails, which connect local parks, Town facilities and green space76. Aurora is serviced by York Region Transit (YRT/Viva) and GO Transit. There are proposed plans for the Aurora GO Station to provide two-way, all-day service77. Regional rapid transit is expected to connect Aurora to other York Region Municipalities to the north and south in the future. In 2019, On-Request Transit Service was implemented in Aurora as a pilot. Within the pilot, passengers can receive direct service between their 72 Town of Aurora 2020. General Committee Report No. PDS20-015: Master Transportation Study Update Final Report. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/your-government/resources/Legislative-Services/Agendas-and-Minutes/2020- Council-and-GC-Documents/General-Committee-Agendas/2020-02-18-General-Committee-Agenda-att.pdf 73 Town of Aurora (2011). Trails Master Plan. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/home-and- property/resources/Images/Waste-and-Recycling/Parks-and-Trails/trails-master-plan-november-2011---january-16-2012- compressed.pdf 74 Regional Municipality of York (2016). Transportation Master Plan. Retrieved from: https://www.york.ca/wps/portal/yorkhome/yorkregion/yr/plansreportsandstrategies/transportationmasterplan/!ut/p/z0/fY7B DoIwEES_xQNHsw0xwrXhIEIIV- iFNFqhAltoVyN_b8Ez3mZmJ28WBFQgUL51K0kblIP3tTg3V365pmnOsvIUJ4yzkmdhFLM4jyAD8b_gCaEtkqIFMUnqjhofB qppkOismowlJ_HuyEpSrVYOKi_RrYfth1E6UnatryT9nGfBQdwMkvoQVIttNo0UsMXY3htHml5b0JlR_WLr2QYDtjsbsN3Zq Rd17PjhC6KEmi0!/#.X9I6fdg3nIU 75 Town of Aurora (2020). School Travel Planning. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/town-services/school-travel- planning.aspx#What-is-School-Travel-Planning-STP- 76 Town of Aurora (2020). Trail System. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/recreation-arts-and-culture/trail- system.aspx#Respecting-Nature 77 York Region Transit (2016). Moving to 2020: YRT/VIVA 2016-2020 Strategic Plan. Retrieved from https://www.yrt.ca/en/about-us/resources/YRT_5YSP_2016-2020-web.pdf Page 53 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 40 home address and the Aurora GO Station and/or select locations within the service area7879. Mobility-On- Request is available for paratransit riders. Electric vehicles allow drivers to maintain the convenience of a personal vehicle. At the same time, emissions are reduced. The Bank of Canada predicted that 3.5% of vehicles will be electric by the year 2030. This number could be higher with increased charging infrastructure and improved battery capacity80. The Town currently provides two publicly accessible electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. Drivers can charge their vehicles free of charge at the Town Hall and Aurora Community Centre81. Funding has been secured from the Federal Government under its Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program. Under the program, the Town plans to install additional charging stations for the public to use (fees applicable), located at Town facilities. Energy, Emissions and Costs The transportation sector is responsible for 26% of the total energy consumed in the community. This represents 37% of total emissions. Personal vehicle use is responsible for 99% of all transportation energy and emissions. The transportation sector is projected to account for 22% of energy and 31% of emissions by 2030. In 2050, this accounts for 27% of energy and 36% of emissions. In 2018, the average person in Aurora consumed 29 GJ of gasoline and diesel, spent $1,070 on transportation fuel. 78 York Region Transit (2020). Mobility On-Request. Retrieved from https://www.yrt.ca/en/our-services/mobility-on- request.aspx 79 York Region Transit (2019). 2020 Transit Initiatives. Retrieved from https://view.publitas.com/york-region-transportation- services/2020-transit-initiatives/page/106 80 Latulippe, E, Mo, K. (2019). Outlook for Electric Vehicles and Implications for the Oil Market. Bank of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/san2019-19.pdf 81 Town of Aurora (2020). Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/your- government/climate-change.aspx#Electric-vehicle-charging-stations Page 54 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 41 Figure 17: Transportation mode share in 2018 based on data from the Transportation of Tomorrow Survey. Figure 18: Share of greenhouse gas emissions by transportation mode in 2018 based on data from the Transportation of Tomorrow Survey Driver 76% Passenger 15% Walk & Cycle 5% GO Train 3%Transit 1% Distance Travelled by Mode (2018) Driver Passenger Walk & Cycle GO Train Transit Personal/Commercial Vehicles 98.5% Transit (YRT) 1.3%Transit (GO) 0.1% GHG Emissions by Transportation Mode (2018) Personal/Commercial Vehicles Transit (YRT) Transit (GO) Page 55 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 42 Strategy #8: Transportation: Mode Shift Description: Encourage a shift from traditional vehicles to active travel (cycling, walking, rolling) and public transit • Continue to implement Travel Demand Management policies and programs in the Town’s Transportation Master Plan 2020 Update. Such programs encourage non-automobile travel to and from key destinations within and surrounding the Town. o Implement the Sidewalk Priority Plan that outlines the best practices design guidelines identified for bike lanes and cycling infrastructure. o Develop an Active Transportation Master Plan, as recommended in the TMP Update. o Implement the recommendations of the 2011 Trails Master Plan. o Implement operational improvements beginning with high collision intersections. o Identify and address any challenges in implementing the recommended policies and programs outlined in the TMP 2020 Update. o Sustainable travel options should work for all members of the community. Transportation planning should account for the benefits and costs (e.g., road casualties, air quality) associated with decisions. From an equity lens, it is important to consider who gains benefits and who bears these costs82. Include diverse voices and perspectives in transportation planning initiatives to address financial and physical mobility barriers within the Town. ‘First and Last Mile’ • Design and implement program(s) to encourage the convenient integration of alternative modes of transportation with GO Transit and YRT/Viva routes and infrastructure. o Support initiatives undertaken by Metrolinx are outlined in the GO Rail Station Access Plan. Encourage GO Transit riders to walk, use transit, ride a bicycle, or carpool to GO stations. o Support and promote programs in place with YRT such as the Bike n’ Ride Program. Encourage the integration of cycling and transit in one trip. o Encourage YRT to promote carpooling and ride-sharing alongside their existing programs. • Expand on the Mobility On-Request Aurora micro transit pilot project. Add additional service areas and service during off-peak hours. • Align with York Region’s Transportation Master Plan Objective Number 5: ‘Make the Last Mile Work’. • Work with partner organizations and York Region to explore the feasibility of implementing a bike-share program. Such a program would connect commuters to transit hubs and urban centres. 82Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2020). GMF Municipal Energy Roadmap. Retrieved from: https://fcm.ca/en/resources/gmf/gmfs-municipal-energy-roadmap Page 56 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 43 Carpooling and ride-sharing • Work with major employers to promote or incentivize alternative forms of travel among employees. Incentives could include active travel, carpooling, telecommuting, work-from-home, and compressed workweeks (e.g., through preferred parking spaces, secure bicycle parking, etc.). • Promote existing ride-sharing programs, such as smartcommute.ca (for commuting to work and school). • Investigate the feasibility of a local car-share program as an alternative to vehicle ownership. Public Transit • Work with York Region to design and implement a program(s) to encourage public transit ridership. • Encourage and work with York Region to continue to enhance and expand public transit services. • Create a working group to develop innovative solutions to increase ridership on public transit and/or active travel. Such a group should include diverse representation from the community. • Leverage the forthcoming Active Transportation Master Plan to promote cycling to transit: o Connect cycling routes with bus stops. o Install bicycle racks at GO stations and public transit stops. o Advocate York Region to install bicycle racks on all buses. o Explore the potential for a community bicycle repair and re-use centre. • Implement a “Slow Street” pilot, which prioritizes walking and cycling on select neighbourhood streets. Page 57 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 44 Target Participation Rate • By 2030: 7% of distance travelled by on-road vehicles (from 2018 baseline) are replaced with other modes. Other modes include active travel, carpooling, and public and GO transit. • By 2050: 15% of distance travelled by on-road vehicles (from 2018 baseline) are replaced with other modes. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 114,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 115,000 GJ reduced per year by 2050. Energy Cost $3.5 million saved per year by 2030. $5.5 million saved per year by 2050. Emissions 7,200 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 1,600 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs Low Timeframe to Implementation Ongoing, beginning in the short-term. Page 58 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 45 Strategy #9: Transportation: EV and Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption Description: Develop and implement a plan to become an electric vehicle-ready Town and support low- carbon travel. • Provide adequate EV Charging Infrastructure to become an EV-ready municipality: o Expand charging infrastructure for public use at the Town’s facilities and municipal parking lots. Prioritize Level 2 fast-charging stations. o Require all new residential and non-residential buildings to be EV-ready. This includes parking stalls equipped with proper outlets to support vehicle charging. o Consider financial incentives (e.g., reduced development charges) and/or non-financial incentives (e.g., expedited permitting). o Encourage property owners and managers to install charging stations on their property. This could serve both public use (e.g., at shopping centres and other public areas) and private use (e.g., employee parking). o Continue to advocate for additional charging stations on major roadways and highways. • Promote existing incentives, rebates, cost comparison tools, maps of charging stations, and other EV and low emissions vehicle initiatives to citizens and businesses. Target Participation Rate • By 2030: 18% of vehicles are powered by electricity. This applies across all classes (cars, trucks, buses) and types (personal, commercial). • By 2050: 99% of vehicles are powered by electricity, across all classes and types. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Use 130,000 GJ reduced per year by 2030. 1.2 million GJ reduced per year by 2050. Energy Cost $2.2 million saved per year by 2030. $19.0 million saved per year by 2050. Emissions 13,000 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 113,000 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs Medium Timeframe to Implementation Ongoing, beginning in the medium-term. Page 59 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 46 Waste Overview The Town manages residential waste through curbside collection. Garbage, recyclables (blue bin), organics (green bin) and yard waste are all delivered to Regional facilities83. Working with the Region, the Town of Aurora provides many programs and services to encourage waste reduction and diversion. Waste reduction involves producing less garbage. Waste diversion is the reuse, composting, or recycling of materials that would typically be sent to a landfill. Waste diversion is often measured using a diversion rate. The higher the diversion rate, the more waste is recycled. Local programs include E-Waste Collection Days, Curbside Giveaway Days, a Textile Recycling Program, and a Community Garage Sale84. At the Provincial level, changes are being proposed to municipal recycling programs to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills (i.e., to increase diversion rates). Changes are also meant to encourage producers to consider product/package recycling in design. Traditionally, blue box programs are operated by Stewardship Ontario and overseen by local municipalities. Stewardship Ontario collects fees from “stewards” (brand owners, importers, franchisors) of packaging that ends up in the blue box. The municipality uses the fees to provide local recycling programs85. Under this model, the stewards and the municipality share the responsibility. As of 2025, the management of the blue box recycling program will be the sole responsibility of plastic and packaging producers 86. When municipal waste (garbage that cannot be reused, recycled, or composted) is disposed of, it is traditionally sent to landfills. As the waste decomposes, methane is produced - a greenhouse gas 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide87. York Region sends most of the collected waste to energy-from-waste facilities, such as the Durham York Energy Centre (DYEC) in Clarington. The DYEC generates enough electricity to power 10,000 homes and reduces the volume of garbage sent to landfills by up to 90%88. Emissions The waste sector includes emissions from solid waste, composted waste, and wastewater that is generated within Aurora. Waste emissions account for 9% of emissions in 2018. This equals 0.5 tonnes of GHGs per 83 York Region (2020). The York Region Waste Management Master Plan. Retrieved from https://www.york.ca/wps/wcm/connect/yorkpublic/6f3f1734-1d45-4322-8903- ca7354a2db50/The+York+Region+Waste+Management+Master+Plan+2020.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=n50.7-p 84 Town of Aurora (2020). Garbage, Recycling and Composting. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/town- services/garbage-recycling-and-composting.aspx#Yard-Waste 85 Stewardship Ontario (2020). About Us. Retrieved from https://stewardshipontario.ca/about-us/ 86 Government of Ontario (2019). Producer responsibility for Ontario’s waste diversion programs. Retrieved from https://www.ontario.ca/page/producer-responsibility-ontarios-waste-diversion-programs 87 Government of Canada (2017). Municipal solid waste and greenhouse gases. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/managing-reducing-waste/municipal-solid/greenhouse- gases.html 88 Durham York Energy Centre (2020). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from https://www.durhamyorkwaste.ca/FAQ/FAQ.aspx#howmuchenergy Page 60 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 47 capita. Landfilled solid waste is responsible for 2% of total emissions. The majority of the 9% is from wastewater emissions. Landfilled waste accounts for 3% of emissions by 2030 by 205089. In 2018, residents and businesses produced 18,059 tonnes of waste, or 0.3 tonnes of waste per person, 34% of which was sent to landfill or energy-from-waste facilities and 39% of which was composted (source- separated organics and yard waste). The remainder largely went to blue box recycling. This generated 6,978 tonnes of emissions from landfilled waste and 1,341 tonnes from composting. Note: Wastewater treatment falls under the jurisdiction of York Region, and therefore has not been included below. Strategy #10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction Description: Implement programs to reduce waste generation by residents and businesses and to increase waste diversion from landfills • Continue to implement existing measures to divert waste from landfills, such as E-Waste Collection Days, Curbside Giveaway Days, a Textile Recycling Program, and a Community Garage Sale. • Continue to implement existing measures that reduce the generation of solid waste from citizens and businesses. • Advocate for York Region to improve landfill gas capture, and the generation of renewable natural gas from waste streams. • Explore options to improve industrial, commercial and institutional waste collection. Target Participation Rate • By 2030: Reduce garbage generation by 5% (in line with York Region’s 2031 target). Divert 80% of all solid waste from landfills. • By 2050: Reduce per capita waste generation by 10%. Divert 90% of all solid waste from landfills. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Emissions • 4,500 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 8,200 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs • N/A - Cost is covered by existing staff capacity or operating budgets. Timeframe to Implementation • Ongoing, beginning in the medium-term. 89 Standard practice in developing a GHG baseline includes emissions from the disposal of waste, rather than the energy used in that waste disposal. As a result, energy values for waste are not included in the energy use and expenditures Page 61 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 48 Renewable Energy Supply Context Renewable power is a cleaner way to power the economy. The sun (solar PV), wind, water (hydroelectric), the earth (geothermal), and plants (biomass) are sources of renewable energy. In 2018, renewable sources generated about 35% of Ontario’s electricity90. Ontario is home to 98% of Canada’s solar PV capacity. This is largely due to the former Feed-in Tariff (FIT) incentive program91. Currently, the Town has four rooftop solar installations located at the Public Library, Town Hall, Joint Operations Centre and Stronach Aurora Recreation Complex. Between 2014 and 2018, these sites generated over 1.5 million kilowatt-hours of electricity. The Public Library and Town Hall produce electricity, which is fed back into the grid, rather than being used on-site. This is part of the FIT program92. In recent years, Ontario has transitioned away from the FIT program to a “net metering” program (as in the Joint Operations Centre). Under the program, excess electricity generated from renewable sources helps to offset energy costs93. The roof of Stronach Aurora Recreation Complex, and related energy generation, is leased out to a third-party. Energy storage can further support the transition to renewables. Ontario’s Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) has been working to integrate energy storage in Ontario’s energy system. As part of the pilot program, 4 megawatts (MW) of storage capacity has been installed in Newmarket94. Through energy storage systems, excess electricity can be stored for use during times of high demand. This can increase the reliability of the local energy supply95. This is particularly beneficial, as renewable generation tends to be intermittent (i.e., produced when it is sunny or windy) and may not align with energy demand. Increased storage capacity allows communities to use renewable energy “as needed”, in place of higher cost or higher emission energy sources. Due to energy losses from using batteries and the added emissions from battery manufacturing, the strategy would have to be well planned to support low-carbon energy sources. Energy & Emissions In comparison to fossil fuels, renewable energy has a much lower impact on the environment. Most renewable energy generation does not emit pollutants or GHG emissions96. Renewable energy generation has upstream (e.g., emissions produced during construction) and downstream (e.g., recycling and disposal at end-of-life) 90 Ontario Energy Board (2019). Ontario’s System-Wide Electricity Supply Mix: 2018 Data. Retrieved from https://www.oeb.ca/sites/default/files/2018-supply-mix-data-update.pdf 91 Canada Energy Regulator (2019). Canada’s Adoption of Renewable Power Sources – Energy Market Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/nrg/sttstc/lctrct/rprt/2017cnddptnrnwblpwr/slr-eng.html 92 Town of Aurora (2019). Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Update 2019-2023. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/your-government/resources/Environment-and-Sustainability/Aurora_ECDM_Plan_2019- 2023_FINAL_with_Appendices.pdf 93 Alectra Utilities (2020). Connecting Generation. Retrieved from https://alectrautilities.com/connecting-generation 94 Newmarket Today (2019). Biggest battery energy storage facility in GTA now live in Newmarket. Retrieved from https://www.newmarkettoday.ca/local-news/biggest-battery-energy-storage-facility-in-gta-now-live-in-newmarket-1712059 95 http://www.ieso.ca/en/Sector-Participants/Energy-Procurement-Programs-and-Contracts/Energy-Storage 96 Canada Energy Regulator (2019). Canada’s Adoption of Renewable Power Sources – Energy Market Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/nrg/sttstc/lctrct/rprt/2017cnddptnrnwblpwr/slr-eng.html Page 62 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 49 impacts97. These impacts are not within the scope of the plan. Despite these impacts, renewable generation in Canada is generally considered favourable98. Strategy #11: Renewables: Solar Power99 Description: Develop a plan to increase the adoption of solar energy (rooftop solar PV systems, solar thermal systems, ground-mounted arrays). • Promote existing incentive programs to expand the adoption of solar systems. • Consider offering financial incentives or subsidies to expand solar adoption either directly or in partnership with York Region and/or other partners. • Provide additional support so that low and moderate-income households and small businesses can access renewable generation. • Consider bundling solar systems in building retrofit programs (Strategy 2 and 4). • Include solar-ready designs in the sustainability checklists for developers (see Strategies 1 and 3), and the Green Development Standards. This includes buildings that support the weight and connectivity requirements for rooftop solar so that construction costs to refurbish structures are avoided. • Work with Housing York to examine the feasibility of including solar installations in future affordable housing developments. • Build solar carports at municipal parking lots. Work with commercial facility owners/developers and public institutions to build solar carports. Minimize greenfield development. Target Participation Rate • Ground-mounted solar: Installation of 3 MW (7-10 acres) by 2030. Installation of 12 MW (30-40 acres) by 2050 of ground-mounted solar on municipal and private lands. Install 345 kW per year. • Rooftop solar, commercial/institutional (200 kW systems, includes municipal buildings): 18% by 2030 and 50% by 2050 of new and existing commercial and institutional buildings have rooftop solar PV. Installation of 26 solar systems per year across the town (municipal and private lands). • Rooftop solar, industrial (200 kW systems): 20% by 2030 and 60% by 2050 of new and existing commercial and institutional buildings have rooftop solar PV. Installation of 11 solar systems per year across the town (private lands). • Rooftop solar, residential (5 kW systems): 4.6% by 2030 and 15% by 2050 of homes have rooftop solar PV. Installation of 117 solar systems per year across the town (private lands). 97 Ibid. 98 Ibid. 99 Note: Solar energy is recommended above other forms of renewable energy as it is more suitable for the Town’s context. Though wind energy is as cost-competitive as solar, the functionality of wind energy is optimized in locations away from urban centres. Biomass energy requires either wood/wood by-products inputs or landfill gas capture which falls under York Region’s operational control. Geothermal energy should be considered in the pre-feasibility/feasibility analysis undertaken with the District Energy project. Page 63 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 50 • Solar thermal: 5% by 2030 and 15% by 2050 of homes have solar thermal systems. Install 117 solar thermal panels per year. • Rooftop solar, multi-unit residential (10 kW systems): 9% by 2030 and 40% by 2050 of multi-unit residential buildings have rooftop solar PV. Installation of 24 solar systems per year across the town. Energy Use, Energy Cost, and GHG Emission Reduction Potential Energy Cost $12.9 million saved per year by 2030. $47.9 million saved per year by 2050. Solar thermal (domestic water heaters): $80,400 saved per year by 2030. $185,000 saved per year by 2050. Rooftop solar, residential (5 kW systems): 630,000 saved per year by 2030. $2.7 million saved per year by 2050. Rooftop solar, commercial/institutional and multi-unit residential (10-200 kW systems): $8.7 million saved per year by 2030. $31 million saved per year by 2050. Rooftop solar, industrial (200 kW systems): $2.9 million saved per year by 2030. $11 million saved per year by 2050. Ground-mounted solar: $450,000 million saved per year by 2030. $2.1 million saved per year by 2050. Emissions 2,900 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030, 11,300 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Solar thermal (water heaters): 300 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 550 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Rooftop solar, residential (5-10 kW systems): 150 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 700 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Rooftop solar, commercial/institutional and multi-unit residential (10-200 kW systems): 1,800 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 6,900 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Rooftop solar, industrial (200 kW systems): 600 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 2,500 tCO2e per year by 2050. Ground-mounted solar: 110 tCO2e avoided per year by 2030. 540 tCO2e avoided per year by 2050. Relative Scale of Implementation Costs High Timeframe to Implementation Medium-term to develop a solar adoption plan. The preceding strategies are supported by land use planning that reduces GHG emissions, and carbon sequestration activities of natural habitats that have not been quantified. These activities are not currently included in the GPC BASIC level reporting as measurement continues to involve. Page 64 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 51 Land Use Context Long-term growth and development within the Town are governed by the Official Plan (2010); the Plan is being updated in 2020. The Official Plan includes several principles, the following are the most relevant to the CEP100. ● Promoting Responsible Growth Management: promoting higher density and intensification in appropriate areas ● Building a Greener Community: incorporating green building technologies and energy-efficient development approaches ● Protecting Stable Neighbourhoods: ensuring any infill is compatible with established community character ● Developing Vibrant New Neighbourhoods: ensuring sustainable residential neighbourhoods are developed in greenfield areas ● Providing Sustainable Infrastructure: supporting growth and sustainability through the provision of transportation and pedestrian networks, transit system, water and utilities The development of Aurora’s updated Official Plan will be governed by: ● A Place to Grow: Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (2020): The Growth Plan (2020) is the Ontario government’s long-term plan to “promote economic growth, increase housing supply, create jobs and build communities that make life easier, healthier and more affordable for people of all ages”101. The Plan outlines many policies on how land is developed. Municipalities are required to incorporate these policies in their official plans. Examples include policies to reduce GHG emission (e.g., through complete communities, transit, active transportation); establish GHG inventories and reduction targets; conserve energy in existing buildings and new developments. ● Provincial Policy Statement (PPS, 2020): Under the Planning Act, the PPS provides direction on land use for municipalities. The PPS directs municipalities to “support energy conservation and efficiency, improved air quality, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and preparing for the impacts of a changing climate through land use and development patterns”102. Examples of supportive land use and development patterns include those that: promote active transportation and transit; encourage transit- supportive development and intensification; and maximizes energy efficiency and conservation. ● Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan (2017): The purpose of the Plan is to “provide land use and resource management planning direction… on how to protect the Moraine’s ecological and hydrological features and functions”103. The southern and western portions of the Town fall under the Plan. Most of these lands are designated as “settlement areas”, permitting urban development. Southeastern Aurora is designated as a mix of “countryside area” and “natural linkage area” with restrictions for 100 Town of Aurora (2020). Official Plan. Retrieved from https://www.aurora.ca/en/business-and-development/official- plan.aspx#Fundamental-Principles-of-the-Plan 101 Government of Ontario (2019). A Place to Grow: Growth plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Retrieved from https://www.ontario.ca/document/place-grow-growth-plan-greater-golden-horseshoe 102 Government of Ontario (2020). Provincial Policy Statement, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.ontario.ca/page/provincial-policy-statement-2020 103 Government of Ontario (2017). Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan. Retrieved from https://www.ontario.ca/page/oak-ridges-moraine-conservation-plan-2017 Page 65 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 52 development. The Plan specifies that development in settlement areas should support complete low- carbon communities. ● York Region Official Plan (2020): As a lower-tier municipality, the Town of Aurora’s Official Plan will need to conform with the Regional Plan (currently under review and subject to change). As part of the review, the Town is working with the Region to delineate lands surrounding the Aurora GO station and the Aurora Promenade as areas for intensification and higher-density mixed-use development, as required by the Growth Plan104. The Regional Plan will inform the Town’s planning of employment lands and environmental policies. This Plan fulfills York Region’s Official Plan requirement that local municipalities develop Community Energy Plans. Energy & Emissions How communities are planned and developed has a long-term impact on the environment. Building compact, mixed-use communities where residents can live, work and play has several positive benefits. First, it reduces the need for trips by car and promotes active travel and transit. This reduces emissions and commuting distances. Mixed-use communities retain services and jobs within the Town. Compact and infill development reduces the environmental impacts of urban sprawl, promoting the protection of green space. Finally, mixed- use communities help eliminate the need for personal vehicle ownership in favour of lower-cost travel options. This allows residents to access recreation, services and employment with a reduced financial burden. Policy direction at the municipal level can help advance the goals of the CEP. Suggested approaches include: • Reviewing and updating building design standards, development by-laws, and zoning. Implement supportive policies to encourage energy-efficient buildings, compact and mixed-use development. • Conduct a review of municipal codes, policies, and legislation to identify barriers to renewable energy and DES. Develop strategies to overcome these barriers. Carbon Sequestration & Offsets Context Natural spaces and the urban tree canopy have an important role in sequestering (or storing) carbon and offsetting GHG emissions. The plan recommends continued efforts to protect tree canopy, and green spaces, and to work with partners to quantify the impacts of sequestration on the overall carbon budget for the Town. Through carbon offsetting, emission reductions are sold to the purchaser in the form of an “offset”. Offsets (measured in tonnes of CO2e) effectively reduce the purchaser’s net emissions. Examples of offset projects include landfill gas capture, destruction of methane from coal mines and manure storage facilities105. Within the Western Climate Initiative (active in Quebec and California) emissions reduced or avoided from these projects could be sold as carbon offsets. In 2019, the Government of Canada began developing a Federal GHG Offset 104 Town of Aurora (2019). General Committee Report No. PDS19-098: Official Plan Review. Retrieved from https://aurora.primegov.com/meeting/attachment/1923.pdf?name=Item%20R3-PDS19-098- Town%20of%20Aurora%20OP%20Review 105 Government of Quebec (2020). Offset Credits. Retrieved from http://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/changements/carbone/credits-compensatoires/index-en.htm#current-offset Page 66 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 53 System. The system aims to support the development of offset products and reduce emissions across the country106. Energy & Emissions Preliminary analysis from LSRCA indicates that current landcover sequestration (forests and wetlands) within the Town of Aurora equates to a very small percentage of the community’s annual emissions107. Enhancing forest cover and natural heritage is important for many environmental, social and health reasons, however, it alone will not close the gap in meeting Aurora’s emission reduction target. Purchasing carbon offsets should a final option to reduce net emissions. This should only be done once all other strategies have been implemented to their fullest potential. Offsetting should be an interim step to achieving Aurora’s long-term GHG reduction goals. It is important to note that most verifiable offset programs limit the amount an entity can buy to offset their emissions. As such, offsets cannot be used to make up the difference in achieving the targets. If the Town decides to reduce net emissions via purchased offset, purchasers should seek projects that have been registered by standards. Examples include the Clean Development Mechanism or the Gold Standard. Important factors to consider include additionality (reduction beyond business-as-usual), uniqueness (to avoid double-counting), accurate quantification and verification of reductions108. Impacts of Action in Aurora Figure 19 shows the total GHG emission reduction to 2050 for the strategies outlined in the CEP. Each strategy is represented on the graph by a coloured stacked area. Each colour shows the total annual reduction of a specific strategy. Overall, the graph shows the contribution that each of the strategies will make to the overall reduction in emissions. This assumes that each strategy is actioned to its fullest potential, within the timelines outlined above. The strategies will reduce annual emissions in Aurora by 72,361 tonnes CO2e in 2030 and 212,364 tonnes CO2e in 2050. This is a 22 percent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from 2018 level by 2030 and a 65 percent reduction in emissions from 2018 levels by 2050. The Canadian federal emission reduction target has been added to the graph as a point of reference. The federal target stipulates a reduction of emissions from 2005 levels of 30 percent by 2030 and 80 percent by 106 Government of Canada (2019). Carbon pollution pricing: options for a Federal Greenhouse Gas Offset System. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/pricing-pollution-how-it- will-work/federal-offset-system.html 107 LSRCA [Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority]. 2020. Climate Change Mitigation Strategy for the Lake Simcoe Watershed. 55 pp. Retrieved from: https://www.lsrca.on.ca/Shared%20Documents/board/Climate%20Change%20Mitigation%20Strategy.pdf 108 Pembina Institute (2009). Purchasing Carbon Offsets. Retrieved from https://www.pembina.org/reports/offset- purchase-guide-v3.pdf Page 67 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 54 2050109. The emission reduction target recommended by the IPCC has also been applied to the graph. IPCC target stipulates a reduction below 2010 levels of 45 percent by 2030 and 95 percent by 2050110. A significant transformational effort will be required to achieve these reductions by the Town, agencies, homeowners and businesses. While the CEP strategies are significant, they do not fully reach the targets outlined above. There remains a gap of 48,296 tCO2e in achieving an 80% emissions reduction by 2050. The cumulative impacts of the strategies are shown in Table 5, below. Accelerated and ambitious action across the community and higher-level effort by federal and provincial governments, advances in technologies or novel approached to reduce emissions will be needed to meet the targets set out by the federal government, the Paris agreement and the Town’s emergency declaration. The CEP is on the path to a reduction of 80% from 2018 levels by 2050, acknowledging that there is a gap. Over time, the Town will look for ways to close the gap through activities such as quantification of carbon sequestration in the natural environment and evaluating emerging technologies. The CEP intentionally sets a 30-year planning horizon, and the Town will continue to evaluate progress and identify ways to close the gap. Table 5 Cumulative impacts of all strategies111 GHG emission reduction Strategy Cumulative Annual Reduction (tCO2e) in 2050 Annual Energy Cost Savings in 2050 #1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 20,129 $ 10,086,587 #2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 25,505 $ 4,261,852 #3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 7,070 $ 2,813,411 #4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 11,547 $ 1,436,807 #5: Multi-Unit Residential Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 171 $ 159,730 #6: New & Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 9,268 $ 27,404,467 #7: District Energy System 4,654 N/A #8: Transportation: Mode Shift 1,583 $ 5,509,419 #9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption 112,936 $19,084,347 #10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 8,199 N/A #11: Renewables: Solar Power 11,301 $ 47,946,566 TOTAL 212,363 $118,703,186 109 The Government of Canada. (2020). Progress towards Canada's greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/progress- towards-canada-greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction-target.html 110 IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 32 pp. 111 Note: values differ slightly from those presented above due to rounding. Page 68 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 55 Figure 19 Cumulative annual GHG reductions from all strategies to 2050 based on internal analysis. Page 69 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 56 Implementation The CEP is intended to guide the Town of Aurora and the wider community to reduce energy and GHG emissions. A strong focus on implementation, governance and monitoring is essential to the Plan’s success. The implementation framework includes guidance for: • Governance • Financing • Engagement & Communications • Reporting & Renewal • Enabling Components • Potential Partners Governance To support and guide the implementation of the CEP, the Town of Aurora will be developing an Implementation Working Group (IWG). The Town’s Energy and Climate Change Analyst will be the ultimate staff member responsible for plan implementation coordination. The Energy and Climate Change Analyst will be supported by the IWG. The IWG will be municipally led and housed within the Planning and Development Services Department. The IWG will be comprised of municipal staff from various departments, who will be responsible for overseeing the implementation of strategies related to their discipline. The IWG will meet regularly to discuss and report on implementation within their respective strategic areas. Internal and external partners will be brought into the process as needed for sector-specific implementation. A proposed governance structure is provided in Figure 20, below. Page 70 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 57 Figure 20: Implementation Working Group, proposed structure Investment Needs It is recommended that Town staff continue to monitor funding streams for implementation funding, directed at particular strategy areas. For example, the recently announced Community Efficiency Financing program offered through the Federation of Canadian Municipalities for residential energy projects. Potential funding opportunities may be made available as part of the federal government’s COVID-19 recovery program. Table 6 outlines the estimated costs for the Town and potential sources of funding associated with important next steps to spur momentum in the early implementation of the plan and the strategies identified in the CEP. Each strategy identifies a magnitude of scale cost for the full implementation of the strategy by all parties. Detailed implementation costing will be defined through a business plan and program design stages. The costs outlined below are subject to the Town’s regular capital budgeting process. Should Council endorse the Community Energy Plan, the full scope of planned capital works will be inserted in the Town’s next ten-year capital investment plan to ensure that the CEP is affordable. The final approval to proceed with each of these noted projects will be subject to funding availability. Page 71 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 58 Table 6: Near-term budget implications (Town action items only) CEP Strategy # CEP Strategy Name Town Action Item Action Description Lead Town Division / Staff Potential External Funding Opportunity Estimated Cost Timing (10 Year Capital Plan) Previously Requested Capital Budget Request - Approved 1 & 3 Residential & Commercial New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency Research and Design a tiered code/green standard that encourages high energy efficiency. Retain consultant for the research and design of a GDS, based on best practices. Policy Planning & Economic Development $50,000 2020 TOTAL $50,000 2021 Capital Budget Request - Awaiting Approval 8 Transportation Mode Shift Develop an Active Transportation Master Plan for Aurora. Retain a consultant for the Plan development. Aurora’s Transportation Master Plan recommends that an Active Transportation Master Plan be developed. Engineering (Traffic Transportation Analyst) Sustainable Neighbourhood Action Plan funding available through the Green Municipal Fund. $150,000 2021 TOTAL $150,000 Future Capital Budget Request 2 & 4 Residential & Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency Develop a Business Case and program for the Energy Retrofit Program. Retain a consultant for the development of a business case and investment-ready design for the deep-retrofit program. Program financing structures should be determined during the design phase. Engineering (Energy and Climate Change Analyst) Community Retrofit Projects Study funding available through the Green Municipal Fund $100,000 2022 - provided grant available, otherwise push to 2024 or beyond 7 District Energy System Prepare a business case for the development of district energy in Aurora. Retain a consultant for the development of a business plan that would identify an ownership structure, partnerships, and business analysis for a District Energy System. Engineering (Energy and Climate Change Analyst) District Energy pilot project though Green Municipal Fund $85,000 2026 7 District Energy System Develop a Pre-feasibility & Feasibility Study. Based on the outcomes of the District Energy System business case, retain a consultant for the development of a technical and economical feasibility study for a low carbon district energy system for Aurora. Engineering (Energy and Climate Change Analyst) District Energy study through Green Municipal Fund $75,000- $150,000 2028 - depending on recommendations of the business case 11 Renewables: Solar Power Develop a business case for a residential and a commercial/institutional solar energy program. Retain a consultant to develop a business case and investment-ready design for a residential and commercial solar program that identifies energy options, payback periods, ROI, and program implementation models for Aurora. Engineering (Energy and Climate Change Analyst) Brownfield Renewable Energy study through Green Municipal Fund $100,000 2024 - provided grant available, otherwise push to 2026 or beyond Page 72 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 59 CEP Strategy # CEP Strategy Name Town Action Item Action Description Lead Town Division / Staff Potential External Funding Opportunity Estimated Cost Timing (10 Year Capital Plan) TOTAL $360,000- $435,000 Potential Operating Budget Implications 9 Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption Install EV charging infrastructure at Town Facilities for public use. Expand EV charging station at Town facilities with a user- fee system. NRCAN funding is available for small municipalities through a service agreement with the Ivy Charging Network's (owned by Ontario Power Generation and Hydro One) “Charging-as-a-service” program. Estimated costs based on 20 stations installed, and a cost range of $1,100-$2,000 per station per year (as per initial OPG discussions). Excludes potential revenue from a user fee system. Facilities $22,000- 40,000/year 2021 and beyond TOTAL $22,000- 40,000/year Potential Current Staff Resources Implications 5 Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning Seek an external partner to lead a commissioning recommissioning program. Identify external partner to develop and implement a commissioning and recommissioning program for commercial, institutional, and multi-residential buildings Engineering (Energy and Climate Change Analyst) $0 2020 6 New & Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency Promote Existing Programs Promote and leverage existing programs and funding streams to encourage increases in industrial energy efficiency Economic Development/ Communications $0 8 Transportation: Mode Shift Work with external partners to promote and expand existing programs and explore new partnerships to develop novel programs such as Bike Share and Ride Share, to encourage active transportation. Engineering (Energy and Climate Change Analyst and Traffic/Transportation Analyst) $0 10 Waste: Diversion & Reduction Expand existing waste reduction and waste diversion programs and research opportunities for new programs. Support the expansion of existing programs and advocacy with York Region. Waste $0 2021 TOTAL $0 Page 73 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 60 CEP Strategy # CEP Strategy Name Town Action Item Action Description Lead Town Division / Staff Potential External Funding Opportunity Estimated Cost Timing (10 Year Capital Plan) Potential Additional Consulting Resources 1 & 3 Residential & Commercial New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency Implementation of the Green Development Standard. Based on the outcomes of the green development standard, allocate staff hours for the implementation of the GDS, such as application reviews, site visits etc. Policy Planning & Economic Development/ Buildings TBD 2022 - provided grant available, otherwise push to 2024 or beyond 2 & 4 Residential & Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency Support the research and design for the program. Based on the outcomes of the business case and program development: there are potential administrative and promotional costs associated with the program implementation. Implementation could be executed via partners or third-party agencies. Policy Planning & Economic Development/ Engineering / Buildings TBD 2026 TOTAL TBD TOTAL CEP Implications (including previously approved requests and potential future requests): Operating Costs $22,000-40,000/year Capital Project Costs $560,000-$635,000 Consulting Resources Costs TBD Page 74 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 61 Enabling Components Each strategy has a series of enabling components (Appendix 2), while not quantifiable, support their successful implementation. Enabling components include: • Advocacy - To encourage higher levels of government to implement funding, programs and policies that support the goals and objectives of the CEP. • Capacity Building - To ensure that there is local expertise to support green building construction and retrofits. • Education and Awareness - To lead by example, demonstrating why and how the general public can support the goals of the CEP. • Enabling Technologies - To ensure that renewable energy sources and/or DES are compatible with the local energy system. • Energy Benchmarking - To encourage building managers and operators to implement standardized energy benchmarking programs. • Energy Labelling - To help occupants and building owners understand the relative energy efficiency of a building. • Integration with Other Programs - To build on the momentum that exists within Aurora and prevent the duplication of efforts. • Policy Framework and Tools - To enshrine the goals of the CEP in existing Town policies. • Planning for Accessibility and Equity - To ensure that all members of the community benefit from the CEP. • Training and Guidance - To ensure that residents, businesses, and industry can meaningfully participate in the implementation of the CEP. Engagement and Communications The Town’s Corporate Communications Division will conduct ongoing engagement and communications for the CEP. Specific campaigns will be required as specific actions and programs are implemented. For example, the development of a home retrofit program would require consultation and promotions. Potential Partners The CEP is a community plan and will require the support of partners across the Town. Appendix 3 identifies a list of potential partners by strategy. The governance structure above identifies the Town Divisions to lead each of the strategies. A key next step for the Town will be to confirm partnerships to ensure that implementation moves forward. Each potential partner will need to confirm their role before implementation. Partners can help support plan implementation through: • Sharing best practices, resources, and expertise. • Building support for implementation within their sectors and amongst the public. • Providing funding support for the implementation of strategies. • Aligning the strategies identified with their organization’s mandates, priorities, and targets. • Assisting with the implementation, monitoring, and reporting of strategies. • Participating in the Implementation Working Group, as needed. Page 75 of 135 Town of Aurora Community Energy Plan 62 Implementation of the CEP will require assistance from a wide range of stakeholders, including: • Local energy utilities & IESO - To provide expertise, support and funding opportunities for new and existing buildings, renewable energy and DES and ensure alignment with broader energy system planning. • Conservation authorities - To provide expertise and support in the quantification of carbon sequestration efforts and promote the protection of Aurora’s natural heritage. • Business and industry organizations - To educate their members/employees on the benefits of energy conservation. • Developers and builders - To provide the expertise and capacity to build and retrofit energy-efficient buildings. • Schools and institutions - To educate members of the public – particularly youth – on the benefits of energy conservation, leading by example. • Transportation agencies - To support an integrated, multi-modal transportation system in Aurora. • York Region - To support the goals of the CEP, particularly around waste and transit. • Other levels of government - To implement policies, programs and funding that support the goals of the CEP. Reporting & Renewal On an annual basis, the Town’s Energy and Climate Change Analyst will produce a progress report on actions and successes. This qualitative report will be presented to Town Council and shared publicly. Plan renewal, including updating the baseline, should occur every five (5) years. To align with the Town’s Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan, the next baseline year should be 2023. Page 76 of 135 Appendix 1: Developing the Plan 63 Developing the Plan This Plan was developed following the Ministry of Energy’s Municipal Energy Plan (MEP) Program Guidelines112. The development of the CEP began in 2019 and has followed a step-by-step process. The approach follows the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) BASIC level of reporting, considered the international best-in-class approach for quantifying emissions at the local level113. The first step was creating an energy and emissions baseline. Energy use in homes, businesses, industries and travel in the Town was reviewed to create a baseline for 2018. The “baseline” estimates the total amount of energy used and emissions produced within the community in a given year. 2018 was selected as the baseline year, as it is the most recent year with a complete dataset. Natural gas consumption data for the inventory year was provided by Enbridge Gas Distribution with data separated by residential, apartment and commercial, and industrial rate classes. For residential customers, the price of natural gas was sourced from the Ontario Energy Board and for non-residential prices from Union Gas, a subsidiary of Enbridge. Electricity consumption for 2018 was provided by Alectra Utilities Corporation and was separated by residential, commercial, industrial, and unmetered rate classes. The price of electricity was provided by Alectra Utilities and an average price across the year was utilized to estimate the total cost for 2018. Consumption data for other fuels were not available and so had to be modelled for the Town of Aurora, this was calculated based on the per capita consumption for Ontario. The GHG inventory includes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), the three most common greenhouse gases. The report converted methane and nitrous oxide to carbon dioxide equivalents to compare and analyze the global warming potential (GWP) from sources emitting these gases. The conversion factors for GWP were sourced from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report. Conversion of energy sources and fuel types to greenhouse gas intensity were calculated using 112 Municipal Energy Plan Program (2019). Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines. Retrieved from: https://www.ontario.ca/page/municipal-energy-plan-program#section-0 113 World Resources Institute, C40 Cities, ICLE. Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/GHGP_GPC_0.pdf Community Energy Plan Prepare Strategies to Address Energy & Emissions Define Community Targets Prepare a Business- as-Planned Scenario Establish Energy & GHG Emissions Baseline Stakeholder and Community Engagement Page 77 of 135 Appendix 1: Developing the Plan 64 emission factors from Environment and Climate Change Canada’s National Inventory Report: 1990-2017, the most recent federal report on Canadian emissions. Energy consumption for private vehicle use was calculated based on the fuel sales method as outlined in the GPC Protocol. Data was provided for the inventory year by Kent Group Ltd for gasoline and diesel. Based on the provincial requirements, gasoline was assumed to have 5% ethanol content and diesel 4% biodiesel content. The fuel sales were apportioned to the type of vehicle based on the National Inventory Report “Trends in Vehicle Populations” and the Natural Resources Comprehensive Energy Use Database. The emission factors based on fuel type and technology were then used to calculated emissions for private vehicle use. The energy analysis allowed the project team to identify ways to reduce energy use. Energy mapping was also completed to determine how energy use and emissions was distributed across the Town. Maps were produced for: home energy use and GHG emissions, and energy consumption for commercial, institutional and industrial buildings. Next, a Business-as Planned (BAP) Scenario was developed. The BAP tells us what Aurora’s energy use and GHG emissions will be like if no action is taken at the local level. The BAP was modelled based on population and employment projections from York Region’s 2041 Preferred Growth Scenario. After the BAP was developed, the project team began to set a GHG emissions reduction target. Through discussions with a Stakeholder Working Group – comprised of individuals from local utilities, businesses, residents and Town staff - an aspirational target was set to define a path towards 80% emissions reductions by 2050. Using the aspirational target as a guide, a series of strategies were developed. The SWG helped to refine and tailor the strategies to best suit the Aurora context. They provided advice and guidance on all components of the plan. In addition to significant input from SWG members, Town staff and Council have provided their insight and expertise to help shape the CEP. Energy Mapping The analysis used different approaches for residential and non-residential maps. For the creation of the residential maps, electricity and natural gas data were sorted based on where it was used using postal code information114. Data within each postal code was summed. Totals were converted to present energy consumption (in gigajoules, GJ) and emissions (in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, CO2e). Next, data was rolled up to “Energy Planning Districts”, summing the data within the corresponding postal codes. Energy Planning Districts were identified within the Town, based on existing traffic zones using in planning. A different approach was used to create the non-residential maps. A different approach was required due to the nature of the available data. All businesses in Aurora were assigned energy consumption values based on their size (building footprint) and business type. Community Engagement The public has been engaged throughout the plan’s development. In the summer of 2019, the public was invited to share what was important to them about energy and emissions at the Aurora farmer’s market. 114 In order to protect privacy, only the first 5 digits of postal codes were used. Page 78 of 135 Appendix 1: Developing the Plan 65 In the summer of 2020, an online survey was available through the Town’s engagement website, which invited residents to tell us their priorities for action on climate change and energy efficiency. Finally, members of the public were invited to participate in a “virtual open house” during the fall of 2020. This self-guided experience included a slide show, a pre-recorded presentation, and opportunities for feedback. Participants were asked their opinion of the proposed strategies and suggestions to support the implementation of the CEP. In addition to receiving input from members of the general public, a class of Grade 8 students at Lester B. Pearson Public School viewed the open house video and completed the survey with their teacher. At each touchpoint, feedback from the public was reviewed by the project team and considered within the plan as appropriate. Page 79 of 135 Appendix 2: Enabling Components 66 Enabling Component Description Town External partners 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power Advocacy Advocate for provincial and federal governments to offer funding, programs, and policies that support and advance smart energy solutions (i.e., deep energy retrofits) X X X X Advocacy Work with utilities and the province to provide an affordable model for public EV charging stations. Encourage the provincial government to offer a rebate program for EVs and charging stations. X X X Capacity Building Connect builders and contractors with capacity building programs, such as NRCan’s LEEP (Local Energy Efficiency Partnerships) program. LEEP facilitates workshops and forums where builders share in-depth expertise. Topics include the technical aspects of technologies, costs, and regional applicability of innovative energy efficiency technologies. X X Education and Awareness Use municipally owned solar panels to educate the public. X Education and Awareness Encourage the use of existing programs offered through utilities. X X X X X X X Education and Awareness Increase consumer awareness of heat pump technology, which has been identified as a gap in uptake. X X X Education and Awareness Direct building owners to existing resources, which guide commissioning and recommissioning. Resources also include benefits and “how-to's”. Encourage the use of existing programs offered through utilities. X X Education and Awareness Promote and leverage existing capacity- building programs and funding streams. X X Page 80 of 135 Appendix 2: Enabling Components 67 Enabling Component Description Town External partners 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power Education and Awareness Educate residents on sustainable travel options and benefits. Educate residents about sharing the road and respecting all modes of travel. Leverage existing resources such as those from Share the Road and The Centre for Active Transportation. X X Education and Awareness Continue to provide guidance and resources to citizens, businesses and landlords/building operators to properly sort and divert waste (e.g., “Recycle Coach,” “Green Bin Usage Tips”, “Aurora’s Recycling Tips”, and others). Continue behaviour change campaigns, to encourage waste reduction and reuse. Educate on the importance of avoiding waste, rather than just recycling. X X X Education and Awareness Work with local groups to support education and awareness about waste reduction. Raising awareness might include information on the benefits of EVs, how to access rebates, and technical information related to batteries and charging. Events offering test drives and showcasing EV owners are popular. X X Enabling Technologies Work with local utilities and IESO to ensure the integration of technology. X X X – of DES. X- microgrids and other technologies required for distributed energy sources. Page 81 of 135 Appendix 2: Enabling Components 68 Enabling Component Description Town External partners 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power Energy Benchmarking Encourage building managers and operators to use energy benchmarking programs. One example is the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager offered through Natural Resources Canada. X X X X Energy Labelling Encourage the adoption of a performance labelling program (i.e., NRCan EnerGuide Rating System). Energy labelling helps occupants and building owners understand the relative energy efficiency of the building before agreeing to buy or rent the property. X X X X X Integration with other programs Continuously monitor utility and government programs to integrate with CEP strategy design and implementation. X X X X X X X X X X X X Policy framework and tools Review and update building design standards, development by-laws, and zoning. X Based on the GDS to promote efficient new construction As part of the business plan to facilitate retrofits. Policy framework and tools Conduct a review of municipal codes, policies, and legislation to identify barriers. Develop strategies to overcome these barriers. X X – related to DE adoption X - related to renewable energy adoption Page 82 of 135 Appendix 2: Enabling Components 69 Enabling Component Description Town External partners 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power Planning for Accessibility & Equity Sustainable travel options should work for all members of the community. Transportation planning should account for the benefits and costs (e.g., road casualties, air quality) associated with decisions. From an equity lens, it is important to consider who gains benefits and who bears these costs. Include diverse voices and perspectives in transportation planning initiatives to address financial and physical mobility barriers within the Town. X X Training and Guidance Provide guidance, resources and programs for builders, developers, inspectors, and contractors to increase capacity for energy-efficient development or for trades and sub-trades (e.g., inspectors) to increase capacity for energy-efficient retrofits. X X X X X Training and Guidance Provide programs and resources to homeowners and building owners/developers on the benefits of solar. Benefits include low maintenance, prolonged roof life, the effect on property value, cost savings, etc. Connect homeowners/building owners with financing options and solar leasing companies. X Training and Guidance Build the capacity of the local industry to reduce energy use. X X Page 83 of 135 Appendix 2: Enabling Components 70 Enabling Component Description Town External partners 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power Training and Guidance Promote existing industry funding and programs including but not limited to: • Natural Resource Canada’s ecoENERGY Efficiency for Industry program • Natural Resource Canada’s Dollars to $ense workshops • Ontario’s SaveONEnergy Programs • IESO’s Industrial Accelerator Program • Enbridge's Industrial Energy Solutions • The Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) X X X Page 84 of 135 Appendix 3: Potential Partners 71 Potential Partner 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Caron Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power 12. Land Use 13. Carbon Sequestration & Offsets Town of Aurora Planning and Development Division L P P P P P P P P Town of Aurora Engineering Division P L L L L L L L L P Town of Aurora Facilities Division L P Town of Aurora Parks Division P P P Town of Aurora Waste Division L Town of Aurora Communications Division P P P P P P P P P P P P P Alectra Utilities P P P P P P P Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) P P Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) P Car share providers P Chamber of Commerce P P P P P P Clean Air Council P Contractor & Builders P P Developers P P P Economic Development Corporation P P P P P P Enbridge Gas Inc. P P P P P P P Enwave P Housing York P P IESO P P P P P P P Industry associations P P Institutional sector P P P Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority P P Local School Boards P P P P Major employers P P Metrolinx P Natural Resources Canada P Page 85 of 135 Appendix 3: Potential Partners 72 Potential Partner 1: Residential New Buildings: Energy & Thermal Efficiency 2: Residential Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 3: Commercial New Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 4: Commercial Existing Buildings: Energy and Thermal Efficiency 5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings: Commissioning & Recommissioning 6: New and Existing Industrial Buildings: Energy Efficiency 7: District Energy System 8: Transportation: Mode Shift 9: Transportation: EV & Low Caron Vehicle Adoption 10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 11: Renewables: Solar Power 12. Land Use 13. Carbon Sequestration & Offsets New entity (retrofits) – potentially based on the business plan L L Ontario Home Builders Association P P P Ontario Waste Management Association P Plug’n Drive P Property owners & building managers P Province of Ontario P P Real estate industry P P P P P P Recycling Council of Ontario P Resource Productivity and Recovery Authority P SmartCommute Central York P Town of Newmarket P Toronto Region Conservation Authority P P P Windfall Ecology Centre P P L L P York Region P P P P P P P L York Region Transit P L= Lead Organization P= Potential Partner Page 86 of 135 Community Energy Plan Environmental Advisory Committee MeetingTown of AuroraJanuary 25, 2021PresentationPage 87 of 135 The Local Climate is Changing• Annual temperatures are expected to increase by up to 5.5oC• Increased daily temperatures in all seasons•Many more days over 30°Cand fewer under -10°C•More intense, longer and heavier precipitation• Longer grower season, more frost-free daysPage 88 of 135 The Cost of EnergyIn 2018, the community of Aurora spent approx.$178 millionon energyPage 89 of 135 The Need for a Community Energy PlanLocal Climate ImpactsA Growing PopulationClimate EmergencyEconomic BenefitsAccess to Future FundingPage 90 of 135 Town of Aurora Corporate CDM Plan• Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (ECDM Plan 2019-2023)• Identifies baseline of energy and emission used in 2018 as well as strategies for Town Facilities, Town Fleets, and Town Water and Wastewater Facilities• CEP baseline includes all energy uses in the Town, including those of the corporation.•Moving forward, the ECDM should be viewed as the corporation’s contribution to the overall CEP. Community Energy and EmissionsApprox.1% is CorporatePage 91 of 135 Plan Development ProcessStakeholder and Community Engagement• Funding for this project has been retained from:• Ministry of Energy’s (Ontario) Municipal Energy Program “MEP Program”• Federation of Canadian Municipalities’ Municipalities for Climate Innovation Program “MCIP”Community Energy PlanPrepare Strategies to Address Energy & EmissionsDefine Community TargetsPrepare a Business-as-Planned ScenarioEstablish Energy & GHG Emissions BaselinePage 92 of 135 Energy Use by Sector in Aurora (2018)Total Energy~ 6.8 million GJAssociated Cost~ $178 millionGJ = gigajoulesResidential Buildings45%Commercial Buildings16%Industrial Buildings13%Private Vehicles26%Transit (Bus)0%Transit (GO Train)0%Page 93 of 135 Buildings178,00054%Travel120,00037%Waste28,0009%GHG Emissions (tCO2e) by Sector in Aurora (2018)Total Emissions~ 326,000 tCO2ePer Person~ 5 tCO2etCO2e = Tonnes of Carbon-Dioxide EquivalentPage 94 of 135 Projected GHGs in Aurora to 20500501001502002503003504002018 2031 2041 2050Tonnes CO2eThousandsYearsWasteTransporationStationary EnergyProvincial/FederalTargetPage 95 of 135 Strategies to Reduce Energy & GHGHomesBusinessesIndustryDistrict Energy SystemsTravelWasteSolarLand UseSequestration & OffsetsThe Community Energy Plan strategies achieve 22% reduction by 2030 from 2018 levels and 65% by 2050. Page 96 of 135 Strategies for HomesDesign and implement a tiered code/green standard that encourages higher energy efficiency. New HomesDesign a voluntarydeep retrofit program that offers a holistic approach to energy efficiency for homes.Existing HomesPage 97 of 135 Strategies for Businesses, Institutions & IndustryDesign and implement a tiered code green standard that encourages higher energy efficiency in new businesses and institutional buildings.New BuildingsDesign a voluntary deep retrofit program that offers a holistic approach to energy efficiency for businesses and institutions.Existing BuildingsDevelop and implement a commissioning and recommissioning programfor businesses, institutions and apartment buildings. CommissioningFacilitate energy efficiency improvements in industrial buildings.New & Existing Industrial BuildingsPage 98 of 135 District Energy StrategyConduct a feasibility study for implementing a low-carbon fuel district energy system. District EnergyPage 99 of 135 Strategies for TravelEncourage a shift from traditional vehicles to active travel (cycling, walking, rolling) and transit.Mode ShiftDevelop and implement a plan to become an electric vehicle-ready Town and support low-carbon travel. Low Carbon TravelPage 100 of 135 Strategies for Waste and Renewable EnergyImplement programs to reduce waste generation by residents and businesses and to increase waste diversion from landfillsWaste reductionDevelop a plan to increase the adoption of solar energy (rooftop solar PV systems, solar thermal systems, ground-mounted arrays).RenewablesPage 101 of 135 Other Supporting StrategiesCompact, Mixed Use Land Use Carbon Sequestration (Storage)Carbon OffsetsPage 102 of 135 Cumulative Impact of StrategiesGHG Emission Reduction Strategy Cumulative Annual Reduction (tCO2e) in 2050#1: Residential New Buildings 20,130#2: Residential Existing Buildings 25,500#3: Commercial New Buildings 7,070#4: Commercial Existing Buildings 11,540#5: Multi-Unit Residential, Commercial & Institutional Buildings170#6: New & Existing Industrial Buildings 9,270#7: District Energy System 4,650#8: Transportation: Mode Shift 1,580#9: Transportation: EV & Low Carbon Vehicles 112,940#10: Waste: Diversion & Reduction 8,200#11: Renewables: Solar Power 11,300TOTAL212,350 Page 103 of 135 Plan ImplementationFinancingEngagement & CommunicationsReporting & RenewalEnabling Components Potential PartnersPage 104 of 135 Implementation Working GroupPage 105 of 135 Thank You!Page 106 of 135 100 John West Way Aurora, Ontario L4G 6J1 (905) 727-3123 aurora.ca Town of Aurora Memorandum Operational Services _______________________________________________________________________________________ Re: Greening the Fleet – Green Fleet Action Plan To: Environmental Advisory Committee From: Sara Tienkamp, Manager, Parks and Fleet Date: January 25, 2021 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Recommendations 1. That the memorandum regarding Greening the Fleet-Green Fleet Action Plan be received; and 2. That the Environmental Advisory Committee comments regarding Greening the Fleet- Green Fleet Action Plan be received and referred to staff for consideration and further action as appropriate. Background In January 2019, Council endorsed the Fleet Management Strategy, a comprehensive study which delivered a set of recommendations designed to streamline asset management practices and create a more efficient Fleet Management approach. One of the objectives of the study included investigating Greening of the Fleet and reducing the carbon footprint. The strategy identified the following recommendation. • Green the Fleet: Develop a long-term Green Fleet Plan with an internal sponsor and support, along with defined targets, timelines, responsibilities, costs, and tracking measures. Two (2) additional Town documents identified the need for a Green Fleet Plan. • Corporate Environmental Action Plan 2018 (CEAP); • Energy Conservation and Management Plan Update 2019-2023 (ECDM Plan). In creating the Green Fleet Action Plan (GFAP), staff reviewed the Town’s environmental plans, including the newly introduced, Community Energy Plan, ensuring Page 107 of 135 Greening the Fleet-Green Fleet Action Plan January 25, 2021 Page 2 of 5 recommendations were captured relating to Fleet. Town staff also consulted with Regional counterparts on their Corporate Fleet Electrification Plan aligning with targets and objectives from all documents reviewed. The Plan outlines five (5) key objectives with action items, impacts and priorities. It is intended to be a living document that will be reviewed every five (5) years with updates to access progress, technological advancements, and future opportunities. Analysis Federal and Provincial governments investing $590M in electric vehicle technology and production. Through the support and investment of the government, Ford Canada’s Oakville Assembly Complex is being set-up to manufacture electric vehicles. Ford also announced plans to present a lineup of 40 new electrified vehicles by 2022. Similarly, investment in the Windsor Assembly Plant will enable at least one (1) new electric vehicle (EV) model by 2025. The federal government has committed to working with auto manufacturers to attract future “large scale” investments in zero emissions technologies. In addition, the energy industry has committed to setting up charging station infrastructure across Canada to support the emerging EV technology. Electric vehicle technology in early development for majority of Fleet vehicles. Currently light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles are not manufactured as the technology has not advanced to support these classes of vehicles. Light duty electric trucks are starting to hit the market with a few models being introduced in 2021-22. EV pickup trucks offer high towing values, solid payload ratings, as well as versatility but come with high price tags presently. Over the next few years this class of truck will be market tested, commercial options proven, and selection of EV pickups will be large enough to suit most budgets. The larger classes of trucks/equipment are multiple years from mass market production. Early indications from manufacturers suggest these commercial vehicles and equipment will not likely initially be completely battery electric; rather, hybrids models. Page 108 of 135 Greening the Fleet-Green Fleet Action Plan January 25, 2021 Page 3 of 5 Several green initiatives currently underway and being utilized by Fleet Division to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In 2020, the Fleet Division began adopting some of the action items within the GFAP starting with changing over to “green” shop products. Specifically, the parts cleaner solution was changed over to an aqueous based solvent utilized in the degreasing and cleaning of parts by the mechanical staff. Many other products were also switched over to environmentally friendly options, ranging from lubricants to wash fluids. The year also saw the procurement of three (3) hybrid SUV vehicles as part of the 2019/2020 capital budget process. The Fleet Division collaborated with the By-law Services, Roads and Parks Divisions to determine if an opportunity for right-sizing of any of their Fleet vehicles existed. It was determined that trucks were not necessarily required for Supervisors and that an opportunity for electric vehicles/hybrids existed. These vehicles will arrive in 2021and will allow Fleet and users to test the technology in the workplace, while exploring the potential of rightsizing and converting to vehicles with lower emission options. Engineering Division introduced an Anti-idling Policy in June 2020 to assist with the overall reduction of GHG in the community. The Fleet Division has created an Anti-idling Policy as part of the GFAP for staff and contractors, that outlines responsibilities and provides exemptions where applicable and necessary for specific vehicles and tasks allowing staff to continue to provide service delivery. Fleet also began exploring alterative low carbon fuel options, specifically biodiesel. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, soybean oil, animal fat) with alcohol producing fatty acid esters. Blends of biodiesel and conventional hydrocarbon-based diesel fuel are products most distributed for use in the retail diesel fuel marketplace, with 5 -100% biodiesel. Blends of 20% biodiesel and lower can be used in diesel equipment with no, or only minor modifications, although certain manufacturers do not extend warranty coverage if equipment is damaged by these blends. Through discussions with our vehicle manufacturers, evaluating warranties and in speaking with other municipalities currently utilizing biodiesel, it was determined Aurora could switch over to B5 (5% biodiesel) blend for all diesel reliant vehicles and equipment. This transition will not increase budgets as cost/litre is equal to standard diesel and will not require any modifications to vehicles or additional infrastructure. When warranties do expire on engines and the vehicle hits mid-lifecycle, staff will Page 109 of 135 Greening the Fleet-Green Fleet Action Plan January 25, 2021 Page 4 of 5 consider modifying the vehicles to accept higher biodiesel grades; however, this would require a secondary fuel tank to accommodate the fuel type. As of March 2021, Fleet will transition to purchasing B5 biodiesel for all vehicles and equipment with diesel engines. Capital infrastructure requirements to charge electric and hybrid vehicles considered for both the Community and operational needs. Engineering Division staff are investigating the expansion of its publicly accessible EV charging stations with a user fee system at Town facilities. Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN) funding is available for small municipalities through a service agreement with the Ivy Charging Network's (owned by Ontario Power Generation and Hydro One) “Charging-as-a-service” program. Four (4), Level Two (2) EV publicly accessible chargers are being investigated for the Joint Operations Centre (JOC), using the user- fee system. Fleet Division vehicles could access these chargers using a key card. The two (2) existing EV chargers at Town Hall and the Aurora Community Centre will be removed under this expansion scenario, as they are not on a network and cannot be set up on a user fee. These two EV chargers will be relocated to the JOC yard for Fleet only use and will be utilized initially by the new hybrid SUV’s. Battery electric or hybrid vehicles can charge using Level 1 (110 volt) or Level 2 (220 volt) chargers. Level 1 takes 10-15 hours to charge, depending on vehicle and Level 2 take 4-8 hours. Level 2 is the standard that will be required to support the operational needs in the future. As such, staff are taking into consideration future infrastructure requirements within the operational yard for EV technology. Conduit and wiring for the new cold storage building will allow for future expansion to support electrical panels/wiring and chargers. Priority action items to be adopted and implemented over 2021-2022 to further reduce emissions in effort to meet 2026 target of 50% reduction of Fleet GHG. The outfitting of the remainder of the Fleet (By-law Services and Parks Division vehicles/equipment) with GPS units will be a priority. The data that can be gained by analyzing the telematic information collected through GPS is essential to understanding opportunities for efficiencies. To set up the remainder of the Fleet with hardware and upgrade some existing vehicles for compatibility approximately $25,000 in funding will be required. Ongoing yearly monitoring fees and parts/service will require an additional Page 110 of 135 Greening the Fleet-Green Fleet Action Plan January 25, 2021 Page 5 of 5 $20,000 operationally once outfitted. These costs will be requested through Capital and Operational Budget review for 2022. Once GPS has been installed, the data to assist in route optimization can be reviewed in detail for efficiencies. While many tasks have set routes (snow plowing, parks garbage collection) an audit will provide for a detailed analysis of Vehicle Kilometers Travelled (VKT) and highlight improvements, to be implemented. The system will also allow By- law Services to dispatch officers effectively. An area where some potential improvement can be made is within the Animal Services vehicles. These vehicles travel the greatest number of kilometres within Fleet. The program set up with Newmarket and Georgina, has Aurora serve as the home base for these vehicles, whereas the service areas are outside Aurora. There may be opportunity to reduce VKT by stationing these vehicles in the districts they serve, therefore reducing emissions. It is not only vehicles, Fleet is looking at for efficiencies but many small handheld power tools which also contribute to GHG’s. Manufacturers of gas-powered string trimmers, chainsaws, blowers, and hedge trimmers all have commercial grade equipment on the market. Tests of these products in the field are proving they are equal to fuel powered units in performance and noise reduction, making them preferred by workers as there is no exhaust and minimal noise emitted. Staff will demo and consider purchases in this area of equipment. Further the conversion to LED lights, automatic engine shut off technology, anti idling policy and improved driver training program will assist in achieving further reductions in GHG emissions. Attachments Attachment #1 – Green Fleet Action Plan (draft) Page 111 of 135 Green Fleet Action Plan [Document subtitle] Tienkamp, Sara [COMPANY NAME] [Company address] Attachment 1 Page 112 of 135 Background In 2019, the Fleet Division completed a Fleet Management Strategy, a comprehensive study which delivered a set of recommendations designed to streamline asset management practices and create a more efficient Fleet Management approach. Included in the strategy were baselines for existing vehicles, fuel efficiency, fuel use and emissions. This data, coupled with recommendations for green fleet initiatives, provided a platform for the Fleet Division to build a Green Fleet Plan. The Energy Conservation and Management Plan Update 2019-2023 (ECDM Plan) set a goal for fleet vehicles of improving average fuel efficiency to 23L/100km and reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions by 50% (245 mtCO2e) by 2023, compared to 2018 levels. The ECDM Plan did not capture all the 2018 fleet fuel data due to fuel dispensing equipment issues. As a result of the data discrepancy, the Green Fleet Action Plan (GFAP) is setting a more accurate and realistic reduction target of 50% reduction by 2028, rather than by 2023, based on a complete year’s data. In 2018, fleet accounted for 15% of the total Corporate GHG emissions. To reduce GHG emissions, the Fleet Division is aligning with York Region’s goal of electrifying the corporate fleet to produce zero emissions by 2051. The goal produces challenges that will need to be addressed through proper planning and innovation. Facilities84% Fleet15% Water/Wastewater<1% 2018 Corporate Greenhouse Gas Facilities Fleet Water/Wastewater Page 113 of 135 Aurora’s GFAP focuses on shifting towards “green” operations, including strategies to purchase vehicles that have lower emissions, green maintenance products and options to reduce fuel consumption. This plan is intended to be a living document that will be reviewed every five (5) years with updates to access progress, technological advancements, and future opportunities. Where do Fleet Services Green House Gas Emissions Come From? The Town of Aurora owns and operates 120+ vehicles and relies on its Fleet to maintain/ensure roads are safe, keep parks beautiful and clean, manage water and sewer, provide By-law enforcement, and supports many other services in the community. These vehicles are essential; however, the Town recognizes that Fleet Operations generates GHG emissions and, to manage the impact of these emissions, the Town is implementing a sustainable Green Fleet Management Plan. 53 8 4 34 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Equipment Heavy Duty Trucks Medium Duty Trucks Light Duty (Pick-up, Van, SUV, Trucks under 10,000 lbs. Light Duty Cars Percentage of Fleet Assests by Mode (2019) Percentage of Fleet Assests by Mode Page 114 of 135 Key Objectives in Implementing a Green Fleet Plan The key opportunity in developing the Green Fleet Plan is to achieve long-term GHG emissions targets, fundamental goals have been developed with associated action items. 1. Reduce demand and analyze data to maximize performance and efficient resource use. 2. Improve maintenance and management practices. 3. Covert to alternative and renewable low carbon fuels. 4. Continue to provide efficient, cost-effective services with focus on Green Technologies. 5. Education and Outreach Initiatives. 1. Reduce demand and analyze data to maximize performance and efficient resource use. Vehicle data can provide significant insight into the Fleet and how it functions as a whole and individually. This information can contribute and help focus efforts on environmental and cost saving benefits. The primary source of this data can be obtained through the GPS Software and can provide information on driver behaviour, idling time, route optimization, fuel use and 37 14 33 16 <1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Light Duty Equipment Medium Vehicles Heavy Vehicles Car Percentage of Total GHG by Mode (2019) Percentage of Total GHG Emissions by Mode (2019) Page 115 of 135 trends relating to the mechanics and function of the vehicles, all of which can reduce GHG emissions. Action Impact Develop and Implement Anti- Idling Policy. Reduce idling in the Fleet and support the community Anti-Idling Policy introduced in June 2020. Reduce Vehicle Kilometres Traveled (VKT). Consolidate and eliminate trips through route optimization e.g., plow routes, waste collection, turf maintenance and By-law vehicle deployment to calls. Maximize Telematics Information GPS system. Utilize telematic information provided through GPS system to assist in route planning, idle time tracking, driver information, and fuel usage patterns. Upgrade Roads vehicles and newly outfit Parks and By-law vehicles with GPS hardware. All Fleet vehicles will be tracked with GPS providing valuable data to manage the Fleet and make educated decisions. Share Data with User Groups. Actual use data of current vehicles will assist in evaluating for right-sizing and electric vehicle opportunities. Continue to replace vehicles with best in class fuel efficient vehicles with focus on light duty trucks. New models are more fuel efficient, produce lower emissions and are good options while the manufactures develop viable hybrid/electric vehicles required to provide service. Overall GHG reduction, by upgrading alone, through capital renewal can produce 4-5% decrease. Continue to replace emergency lights with LED’s and auxiliary batteries. Supports anti-idling program. Page 116 of 135 2. Improve maintenance and management practices. Basic preventative maintenance is essential to optimizing fuel and emissions performance. For example: • Engine malfunction can go undetected and could over fuel the system, resulting in the release of unburned hydrocarbons into the air. While it would be eventually detected during a Drive Clean test, until such time the vehicle would accelerate the rates of GHG, air contaminants and fuel waste. • A poorly tuned engine, whether you're driving a vehicle down the road or letting it idle, uses up to 15% more fuel than a well-tuned vehicle. Emerging and chronic problems can be detected through routine and improved preventative maintenance programs which can save money and downtime. Accurate maintenance files on vehicles assist Fleet Managers in tracking costs for labour, parts, budgeting, and lifecycles. In addition, such records identify abnormalities, excessive fuel/oil use and tire wear. Action Impact Ongoing preventative maintenance program improvement. Ensures safety and efficient vehicle performance for worker safety and best vehicle performance. Extract data and monitor automated fuel management and dispensing system. The fuel system has many functions that were not being maximized. Detailed training on system use has allowed staff to understand its full capabilities, including tracking use, security and report access. Integrate GHG measurement tools with Fleet Management software. Assures monitoring and reporting on Fleet emissions performance. Monitoring and reporting on: • Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) annually Supports right-sizing and downsizing of existing assets. Fuel costs are maximized when higher capital green fleet vehicles are assigned to users with the highest VKT eg: By-law Services. Improved Asset/ Fleet Management systems. Financial sustainability of fleet, improved asset management, maintenance schedules and active data use for fuel savings. Continue to use and to implement eco-friendly shop practices. Continuing to explore new ways of being and working green in Fleet will assist in meeting objectives, and provide for a safer/cleaner work environment for staff. Monitoring and reporting on the GFAP. Annual reporting on green initiatives, achievements targets and sharing data in support of CEAP and ECDM Plan reporting requirements on an annual basis. Page 117 of 135 3. Convert/explore alternative and renewable low carbon fuels. GHG emissions can be reduced by using low-carbon fuels, such as alternate and renewable fuels. Low-carbon fuels should be used when/where available and wherever operationally practical. Low-carbon fuel switching away from fossil fuels will have the greatest impact on vehicle GHG emissions. There are opportunities to utilize lower carbon fuels currently in the Fleet without large infrastructure investment. As electric vehicle technologies, specifically for light to heavy duty trucks/equipment and fuels advancements are made, Fleet will evaluate for large scale fleet implementation and financial impacts. Action Impact Adopt Biodiesel 5 (B5) blend in diesel fuel. Can produce a GHG reduction of approximately 5% or 20 tonnes. Cost neutral as there is no increase from regular diesel, currently utilized To be implemented in March 2021. Ontario announced increasing biofuel blend in regular gasoline 10-15% by 2030. Impact on Fleet vehicles utilizing gasoline and will impact GHG reduction when fuel blend available. Page 118 of 135 Action Impact Monitor the advancements in biodiesel and consider switching to a higher biodiesel. GHG benefit of biodiesel is in the full lifecycle of the fuel, with estimated savings of 18% for Biodiesel 20 (B20); however, manufactures warranties do not support higher grades currently without modifications to engines/filters. Region to trial higher biodiesel blends based on seasonality of light, medium and heavy-duty vehicles. Monitor data and consider implementation based on results from trials. Continue to evaluate fuel options and evolving electric vehicle technologies that align with long term GHG emission targets. Significant decrease or net zero results as technological advancements made in emission reduction. 4. Continue to provide efficient, cost-effective services with focus on Green Technologies. Service delivery to residents is the priority of all Fleet dependant divisions and providing vehicles and equipment for user groups with an effective means to deliver these services remains the primary driver of the Fleet Division. A focus on the procurement of Page 119 of 135 green technologies should not come at the expense of service delivery and will require some planning to ensure a smooth transition. Planning for these changes will be integral to the success of the overall GHG reduction plans. Infrastructure to support the fuel types and energy options is critical e.g., ensuring an electric vehicle can charge at the end of the day is integral. In addition, as more municipalities and companies turn their focus to GHG reduction, procurement of green vehicle demand will increase, and timely purchasing could be difficult. Developing a procurement approach to green vehicle acquisition and infrastructure requirements will require collaboration from various departments/stakeholders. Action Impact Purchase hybrid models when possible e.g., SUV’s. Can provide up to 5% reductions in emissions. In 2020, three (3) Hybrid SUV’s were purchased, one (1) for By-law (additional new vehicle), one (1) for the Parks Division and the Roads Division (replacement for trucks). Explore battery technology for small equipment/handheld tools Battery options available for commercial use of chainsaws, blowers, string trimmers etc. Zero emissions and low noise decibels for increase staff safety and pollution. Monitor and assess emerging electric/hybrid technologies and alternative fuels for medium/heavy duty trucks as market is ready. Potential for significant reductions to net zero GHG emissions from vehicles. Identify upcoming vehicle replacements where hybrids or electric vehicles could be considered. Ensure capital replacement budgets are accurate and infrastructure for charging stations are accounted for. Evaluate technologies based on lifecycle costs, including fuel economy. Develop and launch a vehicle selection criterion for all vehicle classes with focus on green technologies. Work collaboratively with users to ensure all technologies considered and impact of “green” decision making is understood and aligns with Corporate objectives. Review all products and cleaners in Fleet garage, and purchase green/environmentally-friendly options where available. Wide variety of greener options available with minimal cost increase and effect on operational budgets. Parts cleaner changed over to aqueous product in 2020. Pursue Grant funding and incentive opportunities to reduce new capital and replacement budget pressure for fleet vehicles and related acquisitions. Grants available for many green initiatives that can offset financial impacts. In collaboration with the Procurement Division and Fleet Stakeholders, identify vehicle options and specifications that Enhanced business practices to have an increased environmental focus specific to Fleet, meeting operational needs e.g., procurement evaluation matrices. Page 120 of 135 Action Impact meet operational needs and GHG reduction targets. 5. Education and Outreach Initiatives. Increased dialogue and engagement of all stakeholders on Corporate GHG emission reduction targets and GFAP goals will be vital to achieving success. Operational Fleet Best Practices include the reduction of unnecessary trips, elimination or re-purposing of underutilized vehicles and employee training. Education of staff will be an important component in addressing Fleet driver behaviour and how they can positively or negatively impact the objectives. Action Outcome Educate Fleet stakeholders on the GFAP objectives and targets. Creates an awareness of Corporate objectives and allows users to understand the goals and how they are integral to the success of the action items. Working with Communications Division on education. Share education initiatives and successes corporately. Training of mechanical staff on hybrid and electric vehicles. Ensure staff are up-to-date on new technology maintenance and procedures required. Include staff training budget line to the Fleet Division Operational budget. Assist in delivering training to staff for safety, on the job knowledge of vehicles/equipment, continuing education and demonstrate commitment to improvement for the individuals and Corporation. Analyze data and outputs from GPS software. Utilize telematic information provided through GPS system to identify quick acceleration, hard braking, idle time to assist in education of staff and ongoing coaching. Anti-idling Policy. Awareness of reducing idling toward goal of GHG reduction. Driver training for new drivers and continuing education program for current employees. Driver behavior, including idling accounts for five (5) to 33% of fuel use – smart drivers can help reduce fuel use. Page 121 of 135 Action Outcome Identify stakeholders with new vehicle & replacements in next five (5) years. Allows for conversations around right-sizing, green options, and accurate budget forecasting. Actively work to support the ECDM Plan. Support the ECDM Steering Committee, Energy and Climate Analyst in achieving goals and providing supporting data. Green Fleet Success Measures There are many Green Fleet success stories, but plans are not always successful. When Green Fleet plans have unrealistic or unachievable targets, insufficient planning, or lack of support from one or more levels of the organization they may not be sustainable. Common attributes that lead to successful plan implementation success include: 1. A corporate culture that encourages environmental leadership. 2. An internal champion. 3. Commitment to Greening the Feet - from the ground floor operational level up to the most senior level of the organization. 4. Carefully managed risk - and a willingness to experiment. 5. A strong communications team to share successes. 6. Commitment, policy, clearly defined timelines, responsibilities. 7. Procurement policies to assist in acquiring best in class options. 8. Prepared Green Feet plans based and practicality that are living documents and evolve with innovation. 9. Reliable and consistent fleet operating data. 10. Measurable and achievable goals. Green Fleet Success Page 122 of 135 Taking the Lead Towards Cleaner Air in Aurora Aurora’s Fleet Division recognizes that efficient Fleet Operations are essential to delivering Town services and that there are opportunities to improve the sustainability of these operations. Remaining focused on continuous improvement by applying progressive, practical measures the reduce GHG emissions and lower fuel consumption. With the Green Fleet Action Plan, the Fleet Division has set a target to reduce its GHG emissions by 50% by 2026, and it has clearly defined a strategy and framework to achieve this target by implementing measures based on research, baseline data and industry best practices. Aurora will monitor its fuel use and emissions on an annual basis and report out on Green Fleet actions. Emissions will be tracked on a five (5) year basis to allow for updated and new actions to be evaluated and adopted against emerging technologies and new vehicle enhancements, as part of this living document. By reducing demand overall through programs like anti-idling, providing driver training and applying maintenance programs that support safety and efficiency, operational improvement will occur. In addition, applying efficient use of resources such as purchasing vehicles with considerably greater fuel efficiency and exploring alternative fuel vehicles, Aurora will shift its fleet operations towards a more sustainable model with reduced emissions. Together, these actions will help Aurora achieve its targets in a responsible fiscal manner while considering the continued growth in the community and ongoing need to expand its fleet to meet service standard demand. 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